太湖水质参数中小尺度空间结构特征

经济的发展和人们生活水平的提高，造成了太湖的富营养化和生态环境的严重破坏。太湖的水质污染目前已严重影响了整个流域的可持续发展，并对人们的身体健康造成潜在的危害。治理太湖、保护太湖已成为人们刻不容缓的任务。了解湖泊水质参数空间结构特征是进行太湖环境评价的重要前提，也是合理治理太湖的重要基础。地统计学的出现为精确描述湖泊水质参数空间结构提供了有效的工具。应用地统计学技术对太湖3种水质参数进行了空间结构分析，结果显示，污染物集中在湖岸线附近不易向湖中央扩散，各水质参数空间分布差异性较大，且空间结构特征极为相似，不同尺度之间有差异性。同时，由于采样密度和范围的限制，更细微和更大尺度的空间结构特征尚不能得以表述。最后，还讨论了太湖水质参数的空间结构变异性。

MEDIUM SMALL SCALE SPATIAL STRUCTURES OF WATERQUALITY PARAMETERS IN LAKE TAI

The economic development and improvement of people's living level have lead to eutrophication and the degradation of ecological situation in Lake Tai. The pollution of water quality in Lake Tai has badly influenced the sustainable development of whole drainage area of Lake Tai and threatened the health of the people around the lake. Understanding the characters of the spatial structure of water quality parameters is an important precondition of environmental evaluation of Lake Tai and is also a significant base for pollution prevention and control of the Lake Tai. The development of geostatistics presents an effective facility to accurately describe the spatial structure of water quality parameters of lakes. The spatial distribution of three water quality parameters in Lake Tai is studied by variogram analysis. Significant spatial differences of variograms of these parameters have been found,and are caused by the accumulation of pollutants near the bank of the lake. The contents of all pollutants show similar spatial structures. There are differences among various scales. At last, the variability of spatial structure of water quality parameters in Lake Tai is discussed in this paper.