Leaf surface compound fromBrassica oleracea (Cruciferae) induces oviposition byPieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) |
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Authors: | Joop J A van Loon Anton Blaakmeer Frans C Griepink Teris A van Beek Louis M Schoonhoven Aede de Groot |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, Wageningen Agricultural University, P.O. Box 8031, NL-6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) Phytochemical Section, Department of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen Agricultural University, Dreijenplein 8, NL-6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Summary Chemicals present on the surface of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.) leaves were extracted by dipping these leaves for 3 s in dichloromethane followed by a 3 s dip in methanol. When offered in dual choice bioassays using green paper cards as a substrate, the methanol extract stimulated oviposition activity byPieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) females. The oviposition stimulant was isolated using medium pressure liquid chromatography, reversed-phase HPLC, ion-pair HPLC and ion exchange chromatography. Using1H-NMR spectroscopy, the stimulant could be identified as glucobrassicin (3-indolyl-methyl-glucosinolate). When pure glucobrassicin was offered at a dose identical to that in the crude methanol extract, butterflies did not discriminate between these two substrates in a dual choice test. It is argued that a high sensitivity for indole glucosinolates as host recognition factors may confer an adaptive value for these specialist crucifer feeders. The nutritional significance of their precursor tryptophan and the non-volatile nature of the aglycones formed upon enzymic hydrolysis in damaged tissues are proposed as properties of indole glucosinolates that contribute to this possible adaptive advantage. |
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Keywords: | oviposition kairomone host plant selection indole glucosinolates Cruciferae Brassica oleracea cabbage Lepidoptera Pieridae Pieris brassicae |
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