上海城市人居生态质量综合评价研究

基于上海城市气象站点数据、卫星遥感反演的土地利用数据、气象灾情记录数据和植被叶面积指数数据,运用层次分析法结合专家咨询法,建立了上海城市人居生态质量评价指标体系,并综合应用遥感和地理信息系统(GIS)空间分析技术,从湿润指数、气象灾害指数、水体密度指数、植被覆盖指数和植被质量指数开展了上海城市250m空间格网的人居生态质量评价和等级划分。结果表明:建立的评价指标体系对上海城市人居生态质量评价是可行的,上海人居生态质量在多数地区都为良或一般等级,在闵行、宝山和嘉定一些地区以及青浦和浦东个别地区人居生态质量为差,而在崇明北部和南部一些地区以及浦东、南汇和奉贤沿海极少地区人居生态质量为优等级。

INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL QUALITY FOR HUMAN SETTLEMENTS IN SHANGHAI

Assessment of ecological quality is central to environmental management but at present little consensus exists on what it constitutes Increasing recognition of the validity of including human values as part of our understanding of ecological quality has arisen with the concept of ecosystem services，ie the benefits people obtain from ecosystems，as a means of valuing ecosystems As the largest and most modern city，Shanghai has experienced extensive urban expansion and urbanization since Chinas economic reform in the late 1970s In the process of urbanization，natural vegetation cover is largely replaced by paved surfaces，and open spaces are maintained for recreational or ornamental purposes，so that the ecosystem dynamics of the remaining green areas of the city are usually quite different from those of the open countryside Changes in vegetation imply changes in the physical properties of land surface，including surface albedo，surface roughness，leaf area index，rooting depth，and availability of soil moisture The resulting ecological consequences of urban sprawl have caused considerable concern among scientists and policy makers To date，however，spatially explicit monitoring of the urbanization together with comprehensive studies of the ecological consequences of human settlements in the entire Shanghai area has not been conducted Based on the climate data from 11 meteorological stations，land use data derived from satellite remote sensing，and damage data from meteorological disaster and vegetation leaf area index data，the assessment index system of urban ecological quality for human settlements was built using analytic hierarchy process and Delphi technique. The assessment and regionalization of ecological quality of human settlements was completed at 250 m spatial grid from humidity index，meteorological disaster index，water body density index，vegetation coverage index and vegetation quality index with the help of remote sensing and geographic information system technique The results indicate that the assessment index system is suitable for the assessment of ecological quality of human settlements in Shanghai，and in recent years，the integrated ecological quality of human settlements is good or fair in most of Shanghai In some parts of Minhang，Baoshan and Jiading and several parts of Qingpu and Pudong，the ecological quality of human settlements is poor This is related with the more areas of industrial or construction land，more meteorological disasters and lower vegetation cover and vegetation quality in these regions In some parts of Northern and Southern Chongming and several parts of Pudong，Nanhui and Fengxian，the ecological quality of human settlements is excellent This is attributed to the higher humidity index，water bodies density index， vegetation coverage index and vegetation quality in these regions As the third largest island in China and the largest alluvial island in the world，Chongming is declared as an ecological island by the Shanghai Government and all development activities that conflict with the protection of the environment will be prohibited，so in most parts of Chongming the ecological quality of human settlements is good or excellent Despite its major economic development，Shanghai has also seen severe ecological problems in recent years Managing the tradeoffs between urbanization and ecological protection will be a major challenge for local policy makers.