高效氟吡甲禾灵对海洋生物的急性毒性与水质基准推导

高效氟吡甲禾灵(haloxyfop-P-methyl, HPME)是我国农业上大量使用的一种除草剂，因对入侵植物互花米草有明显的杀害作用，被推荐用于互花米草的化学防治. 为了预防HPME在施用过程中带来的生态风险，本文在开展HPME对海洋生物的毒性测试与搜集现有毒性数据的基础上，推导了HPME的生态安全阈值. 首先，选取8门13科本地海洋生物进行急性毒性试验，并通过查找现有毒性数据库与文献获得HPME对3门5科7种淡水生物的毒性数据. 随后，采用物种敏感性分布(species sensitivity distribution, SSD)模型与物种敏感性排序法(species sensitivity rank, SSR)分别推导HPME的水质基准. 结果表明:①HPME对安氏伪镖水蚤的96 h半数致死浓度(median lethal concentration, LC₅₀)值最小，为0.107 mg/L；对牡蛎的96 h-LC₅₀值最大，为47.111 mg/L. ②采用SSD模型，基于13种海水生物以及7种淡水生物+13种海水生物两组急性毒性数据推导出HPME的水质基准分别为37.05和44.75 μg/L. ③利用SSR法基于两组数据推导出HPME的水质基准分别为39.43和41.65 μg/L. 该文构建了HPME的水生生物毒性数据库，推导了HPME的水质基准值，可为我国互花米草治理过程中HPME的安全使用限量提供科学依据. 

Acute Toxicity of Haloxyfop-P-methyl to Marine Species and Its Seawater Quality Criteria

In order to avoid the ecological risk caused by the application of haloxyfop-P-methyl (HPME) in the prevention and control of Spartina alterniflora, this study evaluated the acute toxicity of HPME to marine organisms and derived its ecological safety threshold. First, this study conducted acute toxicity tests on native marine organisms belonging to 8 phyla and 13 families. The results showed that the lowest median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) was 0.107 mg/L for the demersal copepod, Pseudodiaptomus annandalei, and the highest LC₅₀ value was 47.111 mg/L for Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). In addition, this study obtained toxicity data of HPME on 7 freshwater organisms in 5 families and 3 phyla by searching the current database and literatures. Based on the acute toxicity data of 13 marine organisms and 7 freshwater + 13 marine organisms, the seawater quality criteria for HPME were respectively calculated to be 37.05 and 44.45 μg/L using the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) model, and the water quality criteria for HPME based on two data sets above were respectively calculated to be 39.43 and 41.65 μg/L by using the species sensitivity rank (SSR) method. This study established the toxicity database of HPME to aquatic organisms and derived the water quality criteria of HPME, which could provide a scientific basis for the safe utilization limitation of HPME in the elimination of Spartina alterniflora in China.