钢铁企业低碳技术评价选择与应用

钢铁行业作为最大的工业CO₂排放源之一，已成为我国实现“双碳”目标的重要领域，而低碳技术在其中起基础性和导向性作用. 本文在综合国内外低碳技术的基础上，先梳理并形成初步的钢铁行业低碳技术清单，然后通过参考相关技术评价文献、温室气体排放核算方法与报告指南，经过实地调研及Delphi法咨询专家意见构建钢铁企业低碳技术评价指标体系，并采用层次分析法确定各项指标权重，评价了湖南省钢铁企业已应用的13项低碳技术，从多角度揭示了低碳技术选择的优先排序，为钢铁企业低碳技术选择提供参考. 结果表明:若只评价碳减排效果，焦炉上升管荒煤气余热利用技术、废钢循环利用技术、富含一氧化碳的气态二次能源综合利用技术、加热炉黑体强化辐射节能技术得分较高；若只评价技术投资成本、成熟度和普适性，得分较高的是余热余压利用等节能技术. 从综合评价来看，高炉煤气余压透平发电装置、废钢循环利用技术得分较高，分别为83.129、82.982分，智能化炼钢技术、富含一氧化碳的气态二次能源综合利用得分较低，分别为74.040、72.991分，处于中等水平的技术属于余热余压利用等节能技术. 

Evaluation,Selection and Application of Low-Carbon Technology in Iron and Steel Enterprises

The iron and steel industry, as one of the largest sources of industrial CO₂ emissions, has become an important area for China to achieve the ‘double carbon’ target, in which low carbon technologies play a fundamental and guiding role. This paper firstly composes and forms a preliminary list of low carbon technologies for the iron and steel industry based on a synthesis of domestic and international low carbon technologies. Then, by referring to relevant technology evaluation literature, greenhouse gas emissions accounting methodology and reporting guidelines, field research and Delphi method consultation with experts to establish a low carbon technology evaluation index system for iron and steel enterprises, and using hierarchical analysis to determine the weight of each index, 13 low carbon technologies that have been applied by iron and steel enterprises in Hunan Province were evaluated, revealing the priority ranking of each technology selection from multiple perspectives, and provide reference for the selection of low-carbon technologies for steel enterprises. The results show that if only the carbon reduction technologies are evaluated, the priority ranking of the technologies will be reduced. The results show that if only the carbon emission reduction effect is evaluated, coke oven rising tube waste gas waste heat utilization technology, scrap recycling technology, carbon monoxide rich gaseous secondary energy comprehensive utilization technology, heating furnace black body enhanced radiation energy saving technology scores higher; if only the investment cost, maturity and universality of the technology are evaluated, the higher score is the waste heat and pressure utilization and other energy saving technologies. From the comprehensive evaluation, blast furnace gas waste pressure turbine power generation device and scrap recycling technology scored higher, 83.129 and 82.982, respectively, while intelligent steelmaking technology and comprehensive utilization of gaseous secondary energy rich in carbon monoxide scored lower, 74.040 and 72.991 respectively, and the technologies in the middle level belong to energy-saving technologies such as waste heat and pressure utilization.