中国自然资源生态服务重要性评价与空间格局分析

自然资源是保障经济社会发展的重要物质基础,同时又发挥了重要的生态服务功能。选取水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙、生物多样性维护和产品提供五类生态服务,采用NPP定量指标法识别中国自然资源生态服务的重要区域,并进一步分析空间格局特征。结果表明：中国自然资源生态服务极重要和高度重要区约占总面积的1/4,以东北山地、江南地区、西南地区和青藏高原东部等水源涵养能力强、水土保持较好、防风固沙水平高、生物多样性较丰富的地区为主;不同类型自然资源的生态服务重要性差异显著,耕地资源的产品提供服务重要性显著,林地和草地资源的水源涵养、水土保持、防风固沙及生物多样性维护服务重要性均较显著,水域主要提供水源涵养服务;各生态服务重要性在空间上均显著集聚,自然资源综合生态服务的热点区主要分布在大兴安岭、长白山、浙闽山地、武夷山、南岭山地、秦岭山地、滇西南地区和藏东南山地等;自然资源综合生态服务重要性的空间分布与农业自然带/亚带呈现较高的一致性,热带和温带地区的重要性级别较高。研究结果可为区域自然资源管理及生态保护修复提供决策依据。

Quantifying the spatial pattern for the importance of natural resource ecosystem services in China

Natural resources are essential for ensuring economic and social development, and also provide important ecosystem services. This study selected five types of ecosystem services, including water conservation, soil erosion prevention, windbreak and sand fixation, biodiversity maintenance and product provision, and used NPP-associated index to determine the importance of natural resource ecosystem services in China. The spatial pattern of the importance of ecosystem services were then analyzed using spatial statistics methods. The results showed that the areas with extreme and high importance of natural resource ecosystem services are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas of Northeast China, the Southern and Southwestern parts of China, and the Eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, accounting for about 25% of the country's total area. These areas were often characterized by high water conservation capacity, strong capability for soil erosion prevention, windbreak and sand fixation, and rich biodiversity. There were significant differences in the importance of ecosystem services among different natural resource types. Cultivated land resources played an important role in providing products; forest and grassland resources dominated the ecosystem services of water conservation, soil erosion prevention, windbreak and sand fixation, and biodiversity maintenance; water areas mainly provided the service of water conservation. The importance of ecosystem services showed a significantly clustered pattern. The hot spots of natural resource integrated ecosystem service are mainly distributed in the Da Hinggan Mountains, Changbai Mountains, Zhejiang-Fujian Mountains, Wuyi Mountains, Nanling Mountains, Qinling Mountains, Southwestern Yunnan, and Southeastern Tibet. The spatial distribution of the importance of integrated ecosystem service in China is highly consistent with the natural zones and subzones of agriculture, with higher level of importance in tropical and temperate regions. Our research provides sound decision-making support for the exploitation and management of natural resources, and is also useful for ecological protection and restoration.