神农架主峰南坡猕猴桃种质资源调查及保护策略

巴东县北部神农架主峰南坡的送子园原始森林保护区内具有种类繁多的猕猴桃种质资源，经调查发现共分布有中华猕猴桃（A.chiensis)、美味猕猴桃（A.deliciosa)、革叶猕猴桃(A．rubricalis var.coriacea)、葛枣猴桃(A．ploygama)、京梨猕猴桃(A．callosa var．henryi)、软枣猕猴桃(A．arguta)、巴东猕猴桃(A．tetramera var.badongenisis)、紫果猕猴桃(A．arguta var.purpurea)及紫果新变型、绵毛藤山柳(Clematoclthra lanosa)10种(包括变种、变型)。简述了各种类的植物学性状和果实经济性状，种质资源分布的主要特点以及生态环境，指出由于砍伐森林和环境条件的恶化使猕猴桃资源已受到威胁和破坏，提出保护策略的重点是提高全民的生态保护意识；可持续开发利用资源；加大科技对猕猴桃资源保护支撑的力度。其主要保育措施：一是在保护区内就地进一步加强物种全面保护；二是省级以上科研单位分区建立猕猴桃后种质资源圃，对濒危物种或持有物种进行迁地保护；三是开展超低温保存技术的研究，建立种子和花粉基因库。并建立完善与国际接轨的信息数据库平台，便于国际合作与交流。

GERMPLASM INVESTIGATION AND PROTECTIVE STRATEGY OF THE GENUS ACTINIDIA IN SOUTH FOOT OF THE PEAK OF SHENNONGJIA MOUNTAINS

There are various germplasm resource of Actinidia in the Sonzhiyuan Virgin Forest Reserve, located at the south foot of the peak of Shennongjia mountains, and north of Badong County, Hubei Province. Nine taxa of Actinidia (A. chinensis, A. deliciosa, A. rubricaulis var. coriacea, A. polygama, A. collosa var. Henryi, A. arguta, A. tetramera var. Badongensis, A. arguta var. Purpurea and a new form of A.arguta,) and one species of Clematoclthra (C. lanosa) are found by the authors in this investigation. The vegetative characters, fruit economic trait, main distribution pattern and growth environment of these species are briefly described. The germplasm resource of Actinidia are threatened and destroyed because of overhead deforestation and environment change.The protective strategy of germplasm resource is suggested,and the effort should be put to advance people's consciousness in protecting ecological environment in order to exploit kiwifruit resources persistently,and to increase technological input protecting resources of Actinidia.