Effects of increased content of leaf surface flavonoids on the performance of mountain birch feeding sawflies vary for early and late season species |
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Authors: | Maria Lahtinen Lauri Kapari Erkki Haukioja Kalevi Pihlaja |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland;(2) Section of Ecology, Department of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland |
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Abstract: | Summary. The effects of artificially added flavonoid aglycones to birch leaf surfaces on the larval performance of six species of leaf-chewing
sawflies were investigated. Significantly negative effects of increased contents of both total flavonoid and individually
fed flavonoid compounds were found for the larval performance of certain mid to late and late, but not early season, sawfly
species. Species-specific variations in the quantity of faecal flavonoid glycosides, which were examined to investigate whether
effective glycosylation of foliar flavonoid aglycones in larvae correlated with varying tolerance to these compounds, also
yielded significant species-specific differences between early and late season species. The results suggest seasonal adaptations
in host plant use by sawflies feeding on mountain birch, such that phenologically earlier species are better adapted to coping
with leaf surface flavonoid aglycones, which occur in the highest concentrations in young leaves. |
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Keywords: | Birch sawfly larvae flavonoid aglycones |
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