国外舰载导弹发射装置发展综述

介绍了国外舰载导弹发射装置的基本概况及发展历程，分析了固定式发射装置、回转式发射装置、臂式发射装置、垂直发射装置的优缺点及适装范围。根据冷热发射方式的特点，分析了4种发射装置安装方式、贮弹量、射界、发射效率、反应速度、可靠性、安全性等基本性能，阐明了倾斜发射、垂直发射、冷热共架发射的基本原理。垂直发射装置以射界大、效率高、反应快、贮弹量多等优点成为舰载发射装置主流，倾斜发射在近程末端区域防空方面，可提前指向目标，减少导弹近距离大幅机动时间，提升末端拦截概率，是垂直发射的有效补充。舰载导弹发射装置正在朝垂直化、通用化发展，模块化发射和电磁垂直发射是下一代舰载发射的发展方向。

Development Overview of Domestic and Foreign Shipborne Missile Launcher

Not only the basic situation and development process of shipborne missile launchers at home and abroad are introduced, but also the fixed launcher, rotary launcher, arm launcher, vertical launcher which contained advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. According to the characteristics of hot/cold launch methods, basic performance of four launchers are analyzed in terms of installation methods, ammunition storage capacity, launch boundary, launch efficiency, reaction speed, reliability and safety. Basic principles of incline launch, vertical launch and hot/cold common frame launch are clarified. Due to the advantages of large firing range, high efficiency, fast response, and large amount of ammunition storage on vertical launchers, they become the mainstream of shipborne launching devices. Identically, inclined launch is an effective supplement to vertical launch in terms of short-range large maneuvering time of the missile and improve the terminal interception probability. Shipborne missile launchers are developing towards a vertical and general direction. Modular launch and electromagnetic vertical launch are the development direction of the next generation of shipborne launch.