1951-2008年东北地区水分盈亏量时空格局

基于1951-2008年东北地区106个气象站点的实测数据,利用Penman-Monteith公式计算潜在蒸散量,并将气候水分盈亏量表示为同期降水量与潜在蒸散量之差。最后,通过Kendall秩次相关趋势分析、Morlet小波函数、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法探讨了东北地区水分盈亏量的时空变化特征。结果表明:①1951-2008年,东北地区多年平均水分盈亏量在-850~650 mm之间变化,呈自东向西、自北向南、自东北向西南逐渐减少的空间变化趋势;②东北地区106个气象站点中有97个站点的水分盈亏量呈下降趋势,其中28个站点的下降趋势能通过P<0.05的显著性检验;③全区平均、海拉尔、长春、宽甸年际波动明显,多年平均值依次为-283.60、-427.25、-362.58、334.91 mm,四者的水分盈亏量年内分配不均匀,最小值出现在5月,最大值出现在7-8月;④水分盈亏量存在周期结构性,偏高期、偏低期交替出现,全区平均、海拉尔、长春、宽甸的第一主周期依次为26、28、25、9 a,水分盈亏量还具有突变特征,全区平均在1999年发生了一次减少突变,长春在1958、1998年各发生了一次减少突变。

Spatial and Temporal Structure of Water Deficit over Northeast China during the Period of 1951-2008

Based on measured meteorological data obtained from 106 stations located in Northeast China,potential evapotranspiration was calculated by applying Penman-Monteith equation,and water deficit was expressed as the difference of precipitation and potential evapotranspiration at the same period.Finally,spatial and temporal variation characteristics of water deficit over Northeast China were analyzed by using Kendall rank-related trend analysis,Morlet wavelet function and Mann-Kendall abrupt test.The results sho...