添加剂对厨余垃圾堆肥氮素转化与氮素损失的影响

采用静态好氧工艺,就不同添加剂对厨余垃圾堆肥氨挥发与氮素损失影响方面进行比较试验。试验设4个处理:A0,对照;A1,添加30 mL.kg-1(以干基计,下同)高温保氮菌剂;A2,添加1 mol.kg-1化学保氮剂;A3,同时添加30 mL.kg-1高温保氮菌剂和1 mol.kg-1化学保氮剂。堆肥结束时,与对照相比,A1、A2和A3处理堆肥全氮含量分别提高8.4%、38.4%和43.1%,有机氮含量分别提高9.9%、64.3%和68.8%,氨氮含量分别降低11.3%、86.5%和86.5%,厨余氨氮释放率分别降低13.4%、84.0%和86.5%,堆肥氮损失率分别下降17.5%、61.5%和67.2%。加入添加剂均可减少厨余垃圾堆肥氨挥发,降低堆肥氮损失。单独添加时,化学保氮剂较高温保氮菌剂作用大;但就3种处理比较而言,菌剂与化学药剂联合添加效果最好。

Effect of Additive on Transformation and Loss of Nitrogen During Composting of Food Wastes

An experiment of composting kitchen waste under static aerobic conditions using different additives was carried out to investigate effects of the additives on ammonia volatilization and nitrogen loss during the composting process.The experiment was designed to have 4 treatments,i.e.Treatment A0,CK;Treatment A1,addition of 30 mL·kg-1 high temperature nitrogen-conserving bacterial agent;Treatment A2,addition of 1 mol·kg-1 chemical nitrogen-conserving agent;and Treatment A3,addition of 30 mL·kg-1 high temperature nitrogen-conserving bacterial agent plus 1 mol·kg-1 chemical nitrogen-conserving agent.At the end of the composting,analyses show that Treatment A0,A1 and A2 increased TN content in the compost by 8.4%,38.4% and 43.1%,and organic nitrogen content by 9.9%,64.3% and 68.8%,but decreased ammonia nitrogen content by 11.3%,86.5% and 86.5%,votilization of ammonia nitrogen by 13.4%,84.0% and 86.5%,and nitrogen loss by 17.5%,61.5% and 67.2%,respectively,as compared with that in CK.Obviously,the use of additives could reduce volatilization of ammonia nitrogen and loss of nitrogen nutrient from the compost in the process of composting.The effect of the chemical agent was better than that of the bacterial agent,when they were used separately.Of the three treatments,Treatment A2,using the two agents together,is the best in the effect.