西藏河谷地区荒漠化综合整治 --以日喀则市江当为例

在西藏现有的2047万hm^2的沙漠化土地中，对人类生产和生活危害最大的是藏南宽谷地区的沙漠化土地。日喀则江当宽谷中游，农业生产历史悠久，人口稠密，土地沙漠化严重。在深入分析当地自然环境和沙漠化灾害特征的基础上，提出将沙漠化土地的防治与利用相结合，根据立地条件的不同，以生物措施为主(农田防护林、防风固沙造林、流沙固定)，辅以水利工程措施，对荒漠化土地开展综合整治研究。西藏自治区林业局按照本研究防治措施进行工程施工，其中，农田防护林459hm^2，防风固沙造林3025hm^2，流沙固定399．5hm^2，修建干渠17．6km。这些工程措施布局合理，确保了各项防治措施的配套和高效发挥作用，不仅有效地治理了荒漠化土地，改善了当地的生态环境，同时，也带来巨大的经济和社会效益，有力地保障了社会经济的可持续发展。

Integrate control of desertification in river valley,Tibet: taking Jiangdang, Xigaze for example

The deserted land in wide valley region,southern Tibet,is the most harmful one to production and living of human beings in 20 million hm 2 of existing deserted land in Tibet. Jiangdang, Xigaze town, the middle reaches of Brahmaputra river is centuries old in agriculture and has a dense population and severe desertification. Therefore, it can be regard as a characteristic region for the control of desertification land. On the basis of deep analysis of the characteristics of desertification disaster, and combining desertification control of land with land use,this paper discusses integrate control of sandy desertification. According to the difference in natural condition, biological measures for sandy desertification control are mainly considered as farmland defence forest, wind preventive forest and sand control etc. in the wide valley of Jiangdang, Xigaze, Tibet. Some irrigation works was also built. Here, planted farmland defence forest, windbreak forest and fixed flowing sand reach area of 459hm 2, 3025hm 2 and 399.5hm 2 respectively and the new built canal is 17.6 km long. These measures were overall arranged rationally that would ensure these measures to be efficient.Based on the measures of desertification control presented in this study, the Forestry Department of Tibet Autonomous Region had carried out relevant project. The project produce a large economic and social benefit and ensure the sustainable development of economy and society.