气候变化主要因子对马铃薯生物量积累及产量和品质的影响

利用新型开顶式气室(OTC)开展CO_2浓度升高和大气增温试验,分别为模拟增温2.0℃,模拟增温2.0℃且CO_2浓度增加到650μmol·mol-1,对照CO_2浓度约410μmol·mol^-1,对马铃薯叶片、叶柄和茎等地上生物量、根和块茎等地下生物量积累过程及其特征参数的协同影响研究,分析气候变化对马铃薯产量形成和品质的影响,为半干旱区适应气候变化提供科学依据。结果表明,模拟增温2.0℃且CO_2浓度增加到650μmol·mol^-1,马铃薯茎和地上部生物量积累显著比对照高35.8%—53.4%;生物量较单独增温处理显著增加24.4%—34.4%。马铃薯茎和地上部生物量最大积累速度出现时间推后,最大积累速度加快,生物量快速积累间隔日数较单独增温处理和对照均延长。大气增温加CO_2浓度升高复合处理试验中,马铃薯块茎鲜质量积累在块茎膨大中期略低于单独增温处理外,在其余积累时段均高于单独增温处理以及对照。马铃薯成熟期块茎在复合处理下,鲜质量显著高于单独增温处理24.1%;高于对照3.4%。马铃薯块茎鲜质量最大积累速度出现时间也推后,快速积累期间隔日数较单独增温处理延长,但与对照接近。增温与CO_2复合处理使马铃薯叶片净光合速率提高,水分利用效率提高,干物重积累增多,经济产量增加。

Impacts of the Main Factors for Climatic Change on Potato Biomass Accumulation and Potato Yield and Quality

An experiment with OTCs(Open-top chambers)was designed to study the influence of CO2 concentration increasing and temperature increasing on potato yield and quality,particularly the combined influence of CO2 concentration increasing and temperature increasing on the accumulation of aboveground biomass in potato leaves/petiole/stem and the underground biomass in root/tuber,as well as the characteristic parameters((1)Simulated temperature increase of 2.0℃;(2)Simulated temperature increase of 2.0℃and the CO2 concentration increased to 650μmol·mol^?1;(3)The contrast CO2 concentration is about 410μmol·mol^?1.).Analyze the impact of climate change on potato yield formation and quality,and provide a scientific basis for adapting to climate change in semi-arid areas.The results showed:(1)The potato stem mass and aboveground biomass accumulation under the combined treatment of temperature increasing and CO2 concentration increasing was significantly 35.8%?53.4%higher than those under the control,and such biomass accumulation was significantly increased by 24.4%?34.4%under the combined treatment than those under the single increasing temperature treatment.(2)The greatest accumulation of potato stem biomass and aboveground biomass was postponed and then number of days between rapid accumulation period;the period of peak biomass accumulation under the combined treatment was prolonged than that under the single temperature treatment and that the control,respectively.(3)Under the combined treatment of temperature increasing and CO2 concentration increasing,the fresh mass accumulation of potato tuber was less than that under the single temperature increasing treatment during the middle stage of tuber enlargement but higher than that under the single temperature increasing treatment and the control during other stages,respectively.(4)The fresh mass of potato tuber at the mature stage was significantly 24.1%higher under the combined condition than that under the single temperature increasing treatment and 3.4%higher than that under the control.And(5)also,the greatest accumulation of fresh tuber mass was postponed,and the period of fast accumulation was prolonged than that undere the single temperature increasing treatment but was closed to that under the control.Warming and increased CO2 concentration could improve net photosynthesis rate,water use efficiency,and enhance organic substance accumulation and the yield of the potato.