检察院参与生态环境损害赔偿磋商的空间与角色选择

生态环境损害赔偿磋商从试点到全国推行，其地位愈加重要。当前，对于生态环境损害赔偿磋商的性质有颇多争议，其性质决定了是否需要第三力以及需要何种第三力，而在公法说、私法说、双阶构造说、三阶进阶说之上构建的生态环境损害赔偿磋商虽不相同，但建立磋商监督制度与磋商共同参与制度是其共同指向的完善路径，即检察院可作为第三力监督、参与磋商全过程。横向比较各省份对于检察院参与生态环境损害赔偿磋商的立法规定，总体看来检察院在此制度中地位不明、存在边缘化倾向，而实践中检察院具有协调跨区域磋商与促进赔偿义务之履行的作用，且生态环境损害赔偿磋商法律体系为检察院的监督与参与预留了空间，检察院可以法律监督者、公益代表者、社会治理者的身份参与，三种角色在不同阶段相互补充。

The Space and Role Selection of Procuratorate's Participation in Eco-Environmental Damage Compensation Consultation

The eco-environmental damage compensation consultation has become increasingly important as it moves from pilot to national implementation. The nature of consultation on compensation for eco-environmental damage is still controversial, and its nature determines whether and what kind of third force is needed. Although the consultation system of eco-environmental damage compensation constructed on the basis of public law, private law, double-stage construction, and three-stage progression are different, the establishment of a consultation supervision system and a consultation participation system are their common paths to perfection, that is, the procuratorate can supervise and participate in the whole process of consultation as a third force. In a cross-sectional comparison of provincial legislation on the participation of procuratorates in eco-environmental damage compensation consultations, it appears that the procuratorates have an unclear and marginalized status in this system. In practice, the procuratorate has the role of coordinating cross-regional consultations and promoting the fulfillment of compensation obligations. The legal system of eco-environmental damage compensation consultation has reserved space for the supervision and participation of the procuratorate, which can participate as a legal supervisor, public interest representative, and social governor, with the three roles complementing each other at different stages.