Modelling of discharge and atmospheric dispersion for carbon dioxide releases |
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| Authors: | Henk W.M. Witlox Mike Harper Adeyemi Oke |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Waterloo CFD Engineering Consulting Inc., Waterloo, ON, N2T 2N7, Canada;2. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada;3. Defence Research and Development Canada Suffield, P.O. Box 4000, Medicine Hat, AB, T1A 8K6, Canada;1. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China;2. Petroleum Production Technology Research Institute, PetroChina Jilin Oilfield Company, Songyuan, China;1. Health and Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton, SK17 9JN, UK;2. DNV Software, Palace House, 3 Cathedral Street, London SE1 9DE, UK;3. Health and Safety Executive, Redgrave Court, Merton Road, Bootle, L20 7HS, UK;1. Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, School of Process, Environmental and Materials Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;2. INERIS, Department PHDS, Parc Technologique ALATA, BP 2, 60550 Verneuil-en-Halatte, France;3. GexCon AS, PO Box 6015, Bergen Bedriftssenter, NO-5892 Bergen, Norway;4. School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;5. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, UK;6. Health & Safety Laboratory, Harpur Hill, Buxton SK17 9JN, UK;7. National Center for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Molecular Thermodynamics and Modelling of Materials Laboratory, GR-153 10 Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Greece |
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| Abstract: | This paper discusses the modelling of the discharge and subsequent atmospheric dispersion for carbon dioxide releases using extensions of models in the consequence modelling package Phast. Phast examines the progress of a potential incident from the initial release to the far-field dispersion including the modelling of rainout and subsequent vaporisation. The original Phast discharge and dispersion models allow the released chemical to occur only in the vapour and liquid phases. As part of the current work these models have been extended to also allow for the occurrence of liquid to solid transition or vapour to solid transition. This applies both for the post-expansion state in the discharge model, as well as for the thermodynamic calculations by the dispersion model. Solid property calculations have been added where necessary. The above extensions are generally valid for fluid releases including CO2. Using the extended dispersion formulation, a sensitivity study has been carried out for mixing of solid CO2 with air, and it is demonstrated that solid effects may significantly affect the predicted concentrations. |
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