安全文化分析及其发展

安全文化通常用于描述如何在工作场所对安全进行管理,通常表现为员工对安全的态度、信任、观念、和价值标准等。通过分析事故原因,证实在诸如工艺、设备等一系列硬件条件对安全生产起决定性作用的因素之外,安全文化作为安全生产的重要组成部分,在安全生产过程中起决定性作用。这一认知在切尔诺贝利核电站事故等一系列国内外的安全生产事故的回顾和调查中逐渐清晰并为人所接受。通过安全文化概念的发展,对比各种安全文化定义的阐释,分析安全文化所包含的特征要素,论述安全文化的重要性并展示其复杂性。在分析安全文化评价方法的基础上对安全文化评价方法融入安全评价的可能做出展望,为进一步的安全文化评价研究提供参考。

Analysis and development of safety culture

Safety culture is a term often used to describe the way in which safety is managed in the workplace,and often reflects the attitudes,beliefs,perceptions and values that employees share in relation to safety.To describe the safety culture is an importance for safety science,as important as techniques and equipment conditions,the critical factor influencing multiple aspects of human performance and organizational safety.This understanding has been clarified and to be well known since Chernobyl brought attention to the importance of safety culture and the impact of managerial and human factors on the outcome of safety performance.The important and complex properties of safety culture were described by the review of safety culture development,comparison of various safety culture concepts and analysis amount of characterizes within safety culture.Several methods of safety culture assessments were analyzed to assume the cooperation between safety culture assessment and QRA（quantitative risk assessment）,which can be reference for the future studies which safety culture assessment.