我国耕地保护经济补偿分区及其补偿额度测算——基于省级耕地-经济协调性视角

正确处理耕地保护与经济发展之间的关系,对保障我国粮食安全具有十分重要的意义。论文从省级耕地资源禀赋与经济增长协调性出发,基于粮食安全及区域耕地生产力均衡视角确定了耕地盈余区、平衡区、赤字区,并利用机会成本法测算了耕地保护经济补偿标准以及补偿额度。结果表明：1）2007—2015年我国耕地资源禀赋与经济增长间存在非协调性,需要进行区际间耕地保护利益协调;2）将全国划分为8个耕地盈余区、11个耕地平衡区及12个耕地赤字区;3）2015年全国平均耕地保护经济补偿标准为2.90万元/hm²,其中,耕地赤字区最高,耕地盈余区次之,耕地平衡区最低;4）基于情景模拟法得出,不同区域的耕地盈亏量及耕地保护补偿额度存在较大差异。据此提出：实行差别化耕地保护政策;建立动态化的耕地保护制度,制定合理的区域差异化的耕地保护经济补偿标准,尽快建立健全耕地保护利益协调机制,以保障我国粮食安全的目标。

Zoning and Quantity of Economic Compensation for Arable Land Protection: From the Perspective of Coordination between Provincial Cultivated Land and Economic

The right way to deal with the relationship between cultivated land protection and economic development is extremely important to safeguard food security in China. Based on the consistency of cultivated land protection and economic growth at provincial level, this paper divided the whole country into deficit area, balance area and surplus area of cultivated land from the perspective of food security and regional cultivated land. The compensation standard of cultivated land protection of each province was calculated by opportunity cost. In addition, the surplus (or deficit) amount and compensation quantity of arable land protection were estimated according to the amount of cultivated land and per-capita grain demand. Finally, the results and discussion were put forward. The results show that: 1) China’s arable land distribution and economic development are inconsistent during 2007-2015, so there is a need of inter-regional coordination in conservation of cultivated land. 2) The country’s provincial-level administrative regions are divided into eight provinces of surplus area, 11 provinces of balance area and 12 provinces of deficit area. 3) In 2015, the average regional compensation standard was 2.90×10⁴ yuan/hm² that the standard is the highest in deficit areas and the lowest in balance areas. 4) Based on scenario simulation, there are significant differences in the amount of arable land and cultivated land compensation in different regions. Finally, suggestions were put forward, which include implementing the regional differential cultivated land protection policy, establishing the dynamic farmland protection system, drawing up the reasonable regional economic compensation standards for cultivated land protection, etc.