基于GRACE卫星时变重力场模型的黄河中游地区水储量变化研究

论文以水循环发生巨大改变的黄河中游地区作为研究对象,利用GRACE卫星时变重力场模型以及黄河中游地区的水文数据,通过水循环系统的概化、子流域划分以及Mann-Kendall非参数检验等方法,对黄河中游地区以及各个子流域水储量变化进行研究。主要结论如下：近10 a,黄河中游地区水储量以年均3.79 mm等效水深的速度增加,而引起水储量增加的主要原因是该地区径流损失量减少,年均减少量超过2.93 mm等效水深;黄河中游地区水储量的空间变化差异性较大,水储量增加最大的区域是龙门—三门峡区间,年平均增加4.59 mm等效水深,而增加量较小的是三门峡—花园口区间,年平均增加2.71 mm等效水深,水储量增加居中的则是河口—龙门区间,年平均增加3.47 mm等效水深。

Water Storage Changes in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River Basin Based on GRACE Time Variable Gravitation Model

This study targets the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin where the huge changes have been taking place in the water cycle process. By constructing GRACE satellite gravitational field model, the water storage changes in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin were inverted and the result was validated. The result derived from GRACE satellite and that from water balance model show the same temporal trend of water storage change, the square of the correlation coefficient being 0.82. The amount of water storage over the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin had an increasing trend from 2003 to 2012, and the average annual increasing amount was water storage change equivalent water depth. The increase of water storage was caused by the decrease in runoff loss in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin, that the average annual decreasing amount was 2.93 mm equivalent water depth. There was obvious spatial variation of the water storage change. The most obvious increasing of water storage is at Longmen-Sanmenxia section, where the average annual increasing amount was 4.59 mm equivalent water depth. The second is at the Hekou-Longmen section, where the average annual increasing amount was 3.47 mm equivalent water depth. And the last one is at Sanmenxia-Huayuankou section, where the average annual increasing amount was 2.71 mm equivalent water depth.