土地发展权视角下东北粮食主产区农村宅基地退出补偿及增值收益分配研究

实现公平补偿、增值收益合理分配是推进农村宅基地顺利退出的关键。论文以土地发展权为视角,采用模型测算方法,从宅基地复垦为耕地产生机会成本损失和置换新增建设用地指标产生增值收益两个方面,构建宅基地退出补偿及增值收益分配理论模型,并以东北粮食主产区——哈尔滨市为研究区进行实证模拟。结果表明:1)城乡建设用地增减挂钩背景下,退出的宅基地整理复垦为耕地,产生的机会成本损失补偿给农户和村集体,空间置换的新增建设用地产生的增值收益来自政府和开发商的资本投入,政府和开发商有权分享其土地增值收益;2)研究区农户、村集体、政府和开发商应获得宅基地退出补偿及增值收益分配比例分别为41.5%、6.5%、27.1%、24.9%;3)基于土地发展权的宅基地退出补偿及增值收益分配,不仅兼顾了效率和公平,也符合通过政府调控手段和市场调节机制相结合的方式对宅基地有偿退出制度改革的方向。

Value-added Income Distribution of Homestead Exit Compensationin Major Grain Producing Areas in Northeast China from the Perspective of Land Development Right

Fair compensation and rational distribution of value-added income are keys to promote the smooth homestead exit. Based on the perspective of land development right, this paper constructs the theoretical model of homestead exit compensation and value-added income distribution from two aspects: the loss of opportunity cost from the reclaiming of rural residential land and the added value from the substitution of incremental construction land quota generated. The model is applied in a case study of the main grain production area in Northeast China. Results show that: 1) Under the background of linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, the loss of opportunity cost generated by the reclaiming of rural residential land should be compensated to peasant households and village collectives; the added value generated by the displacement of incremental construction land quota come from the capital input of the government and developers, and the government and developers have the right to share the land value-added income. 2) The farmers, the village collectives, the government and the developers in the study area should share 41.5%, 6.5%, 27.1% and 24.9% of the homestead exit compensation and value-added income, respectively. 3) The compensation and value-added income distribution based on land development right not only takes into account the efficiency and fairness, but also conforms to the strategy of the exit of the rural residential land system through both government regulation and market regulation.