中国旅游足迹家族研究进展

作为定量评估的有效工具,旅游足迹方法在考察旅游资源消费和废弃物排放对生态环境的影响方面发挥着重要作用。基于研究的尺度、方法、内容等角度对中国旅游足迹家族（主要成员包括旅游生态足迹、旅游碳足迹和旅游水足迹等）相关代表性成果进行了系统梳理,总结旅游足迹研究取得的主要进展,比较旅游足迹家族成员之间的异同,分析旅游足迹方法的比较优势,剖析当前旅游足迹研究存在的不足,同时结合国际旅游足迹研究最新动向对完善中国旅游足迹研究进行展望,以期为中国旅游足迹研究以及可持续旅游发展实践提供参考。

Research progress of tourism footprint family in China

Eco-environmental issues, such as climate change, ecological deficit and water shortage have been prominent in recent years. The influences of a large-scale tourism activity on ecological environment cause widespread concerns from researchers. As an important tool to assess the impact of tourism industry on environment, a series of research results of tourism ecological footprint, tourism carbon footprint and tourism water footprint derived from ecological footprint theory have emerged in recent years, which gradually composed tourism footprint family, and played an important role in assessing the influence of China's tourism industry on environment. This paper aims to grasp the latest research progress and trends of tourism footprint family in China. Based on research scales, research methods and research contents, it makes a summary of the improvements of tourism ecological footprint, tourism carbon footprint and tourism water footprint. The results indicate that analysis system of tourism carbon footprint at different scales has formed, analysis system of tourism ecological footprint is still in the process of perfection, analysis system of tourism water footprint is in the forming process; tourism carbon footprint generally used top-bottom method based on IOA and bottom-top method based on LCA, tourism ecological footprint and tourism water footprint mainly adopted bottom-top method based on LCA; analytical framework of tourism footprint family, including 7 components of tourism transportation, accommodations, catering, sightseeing, shopping, entertainment and waste disposal, is accepted by researchers, however it is not completely used in analysis process; ecological footprint, carbon footprint and water footprint measurement for tourism destinations and tourists are main research contents, and a series of suggestions to reduce tourism footprint are proposed. And then results of comparative analysis show that research scales, research methods, analytical frameworks and research contents are common to tourism ecological footprint, tourism carbon footprint and tourism water footprint, but measurement standard and evaluation function are individual; tourism footprint research is a fresh perspective with comparative advantage in quantitative measurement, research scale, regional comparative analysis, and specific policy compared to traditional research methods. In addition, we find that the insufficiency of tourism footprint approach includes measurement accuracy, evaluation comprehensiveness, spatiotemporal analysis and theoretical innovation, and makes prospects for China's tourism footprint research combined with the trends of international tourism footprint research. We hope that this paper can provide some suggestions for China tourism footprint research and sustainable tourism development.