碳排放视角下的江苏省土地利用转型生态效率研究——基于混合方向性距离函数

生态效率关乎经济与生态之间的双重问题,要保证在实现社会经济正常发展的同时将环境影响控制到最小程度。CO₂等温室气体的排放作为造成全球气候变暖的主要产物,成为改善全球环境问题的焦点。土地利用转型在一定程度上影响着土地生态,并从土地的投入和产出方面影响土地生态效应,分析其影响机理将有助于最小化土地利用成本,最大化土地生态价值。论文运用混合方向性距离函数模型和Global Malmquist-Luenberger（GML）指数,将CO₂排放量作为生态效率的非期望产出指标,构建土地利用转型投入和产出指标体系,测算2006—2014年江苏省13个城市在土地利用转型背景下的生态效率及环境全要素生产率增长状况,并对全要素生产率变动进行分解,以期缓解经济快速增进带来的生态环境问题。研究结果表明：CO₂过度排放以及能源过度消耗,使得很多城市普遍存在生态低效率;2006—2014年江苏省总体平均生态效率值为0.827,若能够充分利用当前技术水平,资源强度和污染排放强度在平均意义上可以提高17%;江苏省生态效率变化区域差异明显,生态效率存在空间关联性和集聚效应;环境全要素生产率增长呈现地域不均衡性,纯技术进步是影响环境全要素生产率增长变动的重要影响因素;技术规模变化的区域差异幅度最大,是构成环境全要素生产率增长差异的重要因素。

Study on the Eco-efficiency of Land Use Transformation in Jiangsu Province from the Perspective of Carbon Emission—Based on the Mixed Directional Distance Function

Ecological efficiency is related to both economy and ecology. It is important to control the environmental impact to the minimum for the normal development of social economy. Greenhouse gas emissions, such as CO₂, are the main causes of global warming and have become the focus problem of improving global environment. In a certain extent, land use transformation affects the land ecology and affects the land ecological efficiency through land input and output. Analyzing the influence mechanism of land use transformation will help minimize the land utilization cost and maximize the ecological value of land. Taking CO₂ emissions as non-expected output index of eco-efficiency, this paper constructed the land use transformation input and output index system and calculated the ecological efficiency and environmental total factor productivity growth of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province during 2006-2014. The total factor productivity changes were decomposed using mixed directional distance function model and Global Malmquist-Luenberger index. The results showed that the excessive CO₂ emissions and excessive energy consumption caused environmental inefficiency problem in many cities; the average ecological efficiency of Jiangsu Province during 2006-2014 is 0.827, and the resource intensity and the pollution emission intensity can be increased by 17% on average if we can make full use of current technologies; the ecological efficiency change in Jiangsu Province showed regional differences, and there are spatial correlations and agglomerations of the eco-efficiency; environmental TFP growth, which was mainly caused by pure technical progress, was unbalance among regions; the technological scale change, which is the most important factor of environmental TFP growth, showed the maximum regional differnce, which was the main factor to cause the differences of the environment TFP growth.