基于Global-Malmquist-Luenberger指数的沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平测度及区域差异分析

沿海地区是陆海统筹发展的区域载体,基于沿海省市的陆海复合系统进行陆海统筹发展的区域评估对海洋强国建设的理论与实践具有重要意义。论文以陆海复合经济地域系统为前提,将沿海城市形成的区域作为沿海地带,基于各沿海城市的集合作为省级沿海地带进行比较分析,建立包括经济、社会、生态以及环境4个维度指标体系,在考虑“非期望”产出的情况下运用Global-Malmquist-Luenberger（GML）指数测算沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平并进行区域差异分析。结果表明：第一,总体上,沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平全要素生产增长率大多处于无效率状态,且不考虑非期望产出明显高估了全要素生产增长率的增长;时间上,陆域、海洋以及陆海综合GML指数的变动趋于一致,呈平稳的态势;效率分解,陆海统筹发展水平全要素生产率下降明显是由规模效率变动和技术规模变动的下降所影响。第二,沿海地带正经历从“重陆轻海”到逐步实现陆海统筹发展的过程;对沿海地带陆海统筹发展水平空间差异进行分类,浙江、福建及河北属于陆域效率驱动型,环渤海地区（除河北外）、江苏、广西和海南属于海洋效率驱动型,上海和广东属于陆海效率复合型;区域差异形成的原因主要有产业结构差异、海洋产业技术门槛、海洋资源承载力以及政府政策。

Research of the Level and Spatial Differences of Land-sea Coordinate Development in Coastal Areas Based on Global-Malmquist-Luenberger Index

The coastal area is the foundation of the regional land-sea coordinate development. Assessing the integrated land and sea economic regional system based on coastal cities and provinces is of great significance to the theory and practice of the construction of “marine power”. This paper attempts to use the coastal cities as coastal areas to research the coastal regional economic development more accurately on city level of coastal area under the integrated land and sea economic regional system theory. According to the characteristics of the two systems of sea and land, an indicator system including four dimensions (economy, society, resource and environment) was established. Under the “pollution conditions”, the method of Global-Malmquist-Luenberger index was used to assess the level of land-sea coordinate development, and the spatial differences were analyzed by classifying the coastal area based on current land-sea coordination situation. The results and conclusions are as follows. Firstly, most of coastal areas are inefficient in the total factor productivity growth rate of the land-sea coordinate development, except that Guangxi and Zhejiang have increased by 0.83% and 0.03% respectively. The changes of GML index efficiency in the land, in the sea and in land-sea coordination trend to be consistent from 2003 to 2013. Scale effects on efficiency change and technological change are the major cause of the decline in land-sea coordinate development level. Under the “pollution conditions”, because the scale effect on efficiency change and scale effect on technological change have declined by 1.14% and 2.43% respectively, the changes of GML index efficiency has declined by 2.48%. Secondly, the coastal areas are experiencing the process from “attach more importance to land than sea” to “land-sea coordinate development”. Based on the spatial difference of the level of land-sea coordinate development, Zhejiang, Hebei and Fujian are classified as land-efficiency-driving type; the area around Bohai sea (except Hebei), Jiangsu, Guangxi and Hainan are classified as sea-efficiency-driving type; and Shanghai and Guangdong are classified as land-sea-efficiency-driving type. The main causes of spatial differences include the difference of industrial properties, the technical barriers of marine industry, marine resource and environment carrying capacity and government policy. Targeted suggestions are made given the light of these results.