中国农产品贸易格局变化及海外农业资源利用对策

2017年中国大宗农产品虚拟耕地净进口量达到6784万hm²,对外依存度为33.4%,其中巴西和美国是主要的进口来源国。以大豆为重点的土地密集型农产品的大量进口,在一定程度上保证了中国粮食供给,但要从根本上保障中国粮食安全也应实施农业“走出去”战略。尽管近年中国海外农业投资逐年增加,但由于缺乏长远的投资战略指导,海外农产品资源的控制能力差,生产风险高。为此,为保障中国粮食安全,应从构建人类命运共同体、提高全球农产品供给能力的战略高度,选择最佳海外投资区域,优先开发中国进口量大、对外依存度高的国际大豆和棕榈油等油脂油料资源;扶持多类型企业主体参与海外农业资源开发;在农业投资目的国通过“订单+农户”模式进行深度合作,并融入全球农产品贸易体系。

Pattern changes of China's agricultural trade and countermeasures for the utilization of overseas agricultural resources

In 2017, the net import of virtual farmland of bulk agricultural products in China reached 67.84 million ha and the external dependence was 33.4%, in which Brazil and the United States are the major importing countries. In China, large import of land-intensive agricultural products focused on soybeans ensures a certain degree of food supply. However, implementing the "going- out" strategy of agriculture can fundamentally protect China's food security. Although China's overseas agricultural investment has increased year by year, the enterprises have poor control in overseas agricultural resources and high production risks due to lack of long-term investment strategy guidance. For protecting China's food security, from the strategic perspective of building a community with a shared future for mankind and enhancing global agricultural product supply capacity, China should choose the best overseas investment area to develop international soybean and palm oil and other types of edible oil and fat feedstocks with large import volume and high foreign dependence in priority; encourage the multiple enterprises to join the overseas agricultural resources development; cooperate deeply with the investment destination country through the "order + farmer" model and integrate into the global agricultural trade system.