基于碳收支核算的河南省县域空间横向碳补偿研究

区域碳收支和生态补偿是当前气候变化背景下的研究热点之一。开展县域层面碳收支评估并构建区域横向碳补偿模式,对于推动区域低碳协调发展具有重要的实践意义。论文构建了区域碳补偿的研究框架和测算模型,并以河南省为例开展了县域空间碳收支核算和碳补偿方案的初步研究。主要结论如下：1）河南省县域空间碳收支及其强度空间差异明显。县域空间碳吸收强度具有“西北低、东南高”的特点,县域空间碳排放强度则呈现“从市辖区向外围的周边县（市）逐渐减少”的特点。2）县域碳补偿率的空间分布具有显著的区域差异。总体而言,经济越发达、工业能源消费越大、人均GDP越高的地区,碳补偿率往往越低;反之,碳补偿率越高。3）依据河南省各县域单元碳补偿价值的差异,大致可以将河南省分为三类区域,即重点支付区、重点获补区和相对均衡区。重点支付区大多是河南省经济发展水平较高的地区,重点获补区主要位于经济相对落后的西北部山区和东部平原的粮食主产区,这两类区域之外的其他县市则属于相对均衡区。4）为实现河南省县域经济的公平发展,未来应建立以政府为主导的区域横向碳补偿体制,建立基于碳收支核算的县域碳排放配额制度和主体功能区约束开发方案,并实施以低碳为导向的差别化的区域考核机制,这对于全球变化背景下区域公平和协调发展具有重要的现实意义。

County-level Carbon Compensation of Henan Province Based on Carbon Budget Estimation

Regional carbon budget and ecological compensation are core fields under the background of climate change. Evaluating carbon budget and constructing the horizontal carbon compensation pattern based on county-level have great practical significance to promote the regional coordinated low-carbon development. This paper established the research framework and estimation model for regional carbon compensation, and the carbon compensation value of Henan Province was preliminarily analyzed at the county-level based on the carbon budget estimation. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) There was obvious spatial variation of carbon budget and the carbon intensity in Henan Province. Generally, in 2009, the carbon absorption intensity in the main grain producing area in southeast plain of Henan Province is much higher than other regions, while the carbon emission intensity of gradually decreased from municipal district to surrounding counties. 2) There was remarkable spatial difference on carbon compensation rate. In general, the more advanced the economy, the greater industrial energy consumption and the higher per capital GDP, the lower carbon compensation rate, and vice versa. 3) According to the spatial difference of carbon compensation rate, Henan Province could be divided into three types of region: the payment regions, the compensation regions and the relative equilibrious regions. Most of the payment regions are the areas with high level of economic development in Henan Province, while the compensation regions are mainly located in the relatively backward northwestern mountain areas and the eastern main food production plain areas of Henan Province. Besides the above two types, the other counties of Henan Province were the relative equilibrious area. 4) In order to achieve the equitable development of Henan Province, it is needed to establish the government guided carbon compensation system, promote the carbon compensation by taking the carbon as the link among difference counties, build county-level carbon emission quota system and the low-carbon restricted development plan of main functional areas based on the carbon budget estimation, and implement the low-carbon-oriented regional differentiation assessment mechanism. The above countermeasures will have great significance for the regional equitable and coordinated low-carbon development under the background of global climate change.