湿地公园对局地气候舒适性影响的数值试验

为探索湿地公园对局地气候舒适性的影响,利用WRF数值模式,对重庆市梁平区待建湿地公园的位置与面积规划进行敏感性试验。结合当地主导风向和实际项目需求,设计了不建设湿地公园、湿地公园占地分别达10 km²、15 km²和20 km²等面积敏感性试验,以及湿地公园位于保护区西南部、东北部和分为南北两部分等建设位置敏感性试验。通过对比不同试验方案下垫面修改前后模拟结果的2 m气温、湿度等气象要素并计算热气候指标,认为湿地公园建设面积约15 km²、且将湿地分为两部分但东北部面积较大时,对当地的局地气候舒适性有较好改善。对风场的分析表明,这可能是因该规划方案能产生新的风道所致,因此也说明湿地公园的规划应当将局地风环境状况作为重要的参考指标。

Numerical experiments on the impact of wetland park on regional climatic comfort

To explore the impact of wetland park on regional climatic comfort, numberical simulation sensitive experiments of wetland area and position have been conducted on wetland park planning in Liangping, Chongqing, using Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF). Based on local dominant wind direction and actual project requirements, sensitive experiments in the conditions of no wetland, and wetland area of 10 km², 15 km² and 20 km² have been designed respectively. By comparing the mean 2 m temperature and 2 m moisture of different experiments, the wetland park with an area of 15 km² and 20 km² has a better cooling effect on the study region. And then, experiments with different spatial patterns of wetland, namely, by putting wetland in the southwest and northeast of protection area respectively, and also the experiment of dividing wetland into two parts, placed in SW and NE separately, have been tested. By calculating and comparing a 10 m wind field, 2 m temperature and 2 m universal thermal climate index, the results showed that the wetland park can bring a preferable local climate comfort when its area is around 15 km² and it can be divided into two parts with a larger NE part, which may be the result of the generation of a new ventilation corridor. This also means that the status of local wind environment should be an important reference for wetland park planning.