基于河道生态基流保障的农业生态补偿量研究

针对西北干旱和半干旱地区流域非汛期农业需水和生态基流间的矛盾问题,论文提出了基于河道生态基流保障的农业生态补偿量计算方法。从生态基流得到保障后农业灌溉用水受到影响的角度出发,通过引入作物需水系数建立河道生态基流保障造成的农业用水短缺量与产量损失间的关系,定量计算农业生态补偿量。以宝鸡峡灌区为实例,计算了河道生态基流保障的农业生态补偿量,确定宝鸡峡灌区不同情形下的补偿上、下限,分别为5.25 亿元和0.37 亿元。生态补偿对象为宝鸡峡灌区因河道生态基流保障导致产量受损的农户,补偿的主体为流域的相关管理部门,生态补偿标准的实施也不应只局限于现金发放,也可以用投资建设等形式进行补偿,以提高宝鸡峡灌区的农业可持续发展。

Research on Agricultural Ecological Compensation Based on River Ecological Base Flow

In view of the contradiction between agricultural water demand and the ecological base flow in the northwest arid and semi-arid area, this paper proposed a method of calculating the agricultural ecological compensation standard based on the river's ecological base flow. The crop water requirement coefficient was introduced to establish the relationship between the agricultural water shortage and the yield loss due to the protection of ecological base flow and to calculate the amount of agricultural ecological compensation. Taking Baoji Gorge Irrigation Area as an example, the agricultural ecological compensation quantity based on the ecological base flow was calculated. The upper limit was 525 million yuan and the lower limit was 37 million yuan according to the different situations in Baoji Gorge Irrigation Area. Farmers in Baoji Gorge Irrigation Area who lose the yield because of the ecological basic flow are the objects of ecological compensation, and the administrative departments of the river basin are the subjects of the compensation. In order to improve the sustainable development of agriculture in Baoji Gorge Irrigation Area, the implementation of ecological compensation should not be limited to the payment in cash and can be the investment in construction, etc.