专业化、多样性与中国省域工业污染排放的关系

集聚外部性是集聚影响工业污染排放的重要机制,不同的集聚方式对应不同的污染排放行为。以中国31个省市工业废水、工业废气、工业固废为例,基于集聚外部性理论,将工业集聚分为专业化、多样性、相关多样性和非相关多样性等4种类型,在分析工业污染排放强度空间格局特征的基础上构建计量模型考察工业集聚与工业污染排放的关系,结果表明:(1)工业废水、废气、固废污染强度的省域差异显著,空间分布上均有不断集中的趋向。(2)多样性集聚比专业化集聚更有利于降低工业污染排放强度。多样性集聚对工业废水强度下降的作用最大,对废气和固废污染的减排作用较小。产业关联是多样性集聚发挥环境"自净"效应的重要条件,相关多样性有利于降低工业污染排放强度,而非相关多样性会加剧污染排放。(3)从不同污染型产业看,废水污染型产业的专业化集聚有利于污染强度下降,而废气和固废污染型产业专业化集聚会加剧污染排放,污染型产业多样性发展均有利于污染强度下降。(4)不同集聚类型对工业污染的影响存在着区域和污染类型的异质性。(5)要进一步降低工业污染,应提高集聚产业的多样化水平,强化产业间的内在关联。同时,应根据不同区域、不同污染型产业、不同工业污染物制定差异化防治措施。

Specialization,diversity and their impacts on China's provincial industrial pollution emissions

As industrial agglomeration increases, wastewater, waste gas, and solid waste are becoming the main sources of environmental pollution. Therefore, how to correctly deal with the relationship between industrial agglomeration and pollution emissions has become a hot issue in the current academic circles. Agglomeration externality is an important mechanism to reduce industrial pollution emission, and different agglomeration modes correspond to different pollution emission behaviors. Therefore, this study divides agglomeration into four types such as specialization, diversity, related diversity, and unrelated diversity. The research goal of this paper is to investigate the effects of different agglomeration types on pollution emissions. Taking 31 provincial units in China as an example, based on the theory of agglomeration economy, this paper analyses the characteristics of industrial pollution in China and studies the relationship between industrial agglomeration and different industrial pollution. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) There is a significant spatial difference in the intensity of industrial wastewater, waste gas and solid waste. Generally speaking, the discharge intensity of industrial wastewater in the Yangtze River Basin is higher, and that of the northwest and southwest regions are rising significantly. The emission intensity of industrial waste gas and industrial solid waste in the north and northwest regions is higher. (2) Diversity is more beneficial to the reduction of emission intensity of industrial pollution than specialized agglomeration. Diversity has the greatest impact on industrial waste water, and has little effect on the gas and solid pollution. Industrial linkage is an important condition for diversity agglomeration to produce environmental 'self-purification' effect. Related diversity is conducive to the decrease of emission intensity of industrial pollution, and unrelated diversity will exacerbate pollution levels. (3) From the perspective of different polluting industries, the specialized wastewater pollution industries is conducive to the decline of pollution intensity, while the specialized waste gas and solid waste pollution industries will intensify pollution emissions. The diversified development of the polluting industry is conducive to the decline of pollution intensity. (4) The effects of different agglomeration types on industrial pollution are heterogeneous in terms of regional and pollution types. (5) To further reduce industrial pollution, we should improve the diversity of the agglomeration industry. We should also pay more attention to the improvement of the inner correlation between the industries and avoid the spatial concentration of the unrelated industries. At the same time, differentiated prevention and control measures should be formulated according to different regions, polluting industries, and industrial pollutants.