基于陆海统筹视角的国土空间开发建设适宜性评价——以辽宁省为例

国土空间开发建设适宜性是优化国土空间开发格局、提升开发质量与效益的科学依据和基础保障,对实施区域协调发展战略具有重要意义。遵循城乡融合、陆海统筹原则,以东北地区唯一既沿海又沿边省份——辽宁省为例,从自然环境、经济社会、海洋功能三个维度构建适宜性评价指标体系,综合运用特尔斐法、木桶原理法则、线性加权求和法及多要素空间叠置分析等方法,对其国土空间开发建设适宜性进行评价与分析。结果表明：辽宁省国土空间开发建设适宜性空间分异明显,适宜建设区与基本适宜建设区呈明显的中心外围分布格局,沿沈大轴线、滨海轴线集聚分布;不适宜建设区以滨海线为轴带南北对称分布;基本不适宜建设区以沈大线为轴带东西对称分布。适宜、基本适宜、基本不适宜、不适宜建设区面积依次为15504.39 km²、22645.34 km²、66833.96 km²、68720.99 km²,分别占陆海国土的8.93%、13.04%、38.48%、39.56%。自然环境对区域国土空间开发建设具有基础性、决定性作用,不同等级、不同区域自然环境适宜性集聚与分散特性差异显著;经济社会对自然环境的适宜、基本适宜、基本不适宜建设区修正作用明显。海洋功能区的引入,极大拓展了辽宁省国土空间范围。但海洋功能适宜性空间分布极不均衡,由于海洋国土本身属性,其可供直接开发建设空间有限,而保护空间广阔,国土空间开发建设与生态环境保护之间的矛盾依然严峻。

Comprehensive suitability evaluation of spatial development and construction land in the perspective of land-ocean co-ordination:A case study of Liaoning province,China

Comprehensive suitability evaluation of spatial development and construction land is the scientific basis and guarantee for optimizing spatial development pattern and improve its quality and efficiency. It is of great significance for the implementation of regional coordinated development strategy. In this paper, according to the principles of urban-rural integration and land-ocean co-ordination, we selected Liaoning province as a case, the only both coastal and border province in Northeast China. The suitability evaluation index system was established from 3 dimensions, including natural environment, economy and society, and marine function. To evaluate and analyze the suitability of spatial development and constructive land in this province, we integrated the application of Delphi method, cask theory, linear weighted summation model and multi-factors space overlay analysis. The results show that there exist obvious characteristics of spatial differentiation in the suitability of spatial development and construction land throughout Liaoning. The most and more suitable construction land represent an obvious central peripheral structure, and concentrate along both the Shenyang-Dalian axis and the Binhai axis; the most unsuitable construction land shows a north-south symmetric distribution by the Binhai axis, while the more unsuitable construction land shows an east-west symmetric distribution by the Shenyang-Dalian axis. The construction land areas of most suitability, more suitability, more unsuitability, and most unsuitability are 15504.39 km², 22645.34 km², 66833.96 km², and 68720.99 km², respectively, and the proportions of land-ocean area are 8.93%, 13.04%, 38.48%, and 39.56%, respectively. The suitability of natural environment plays a fundamental and decisive role in the development and construction of regional land; and the characteristics of agglomeration and dispersion are significantly different at different levels and regions. The suitability of economy and society obviously modifies that of natural environment. The introduction of marine functional zone has greatly expanded the regional land in Liaoning province, but the spatial distribution of marine functional suitability is extremely uneven. And due to the nature of marine functional zone, the space which can be directly developed and constructed is limited, while the space for protection is great. The contradiction between spatial development and ecological environment protection will be still severe for a long time.