特种设备事故与防范

特种设备事故近年来不断发生，给生产生活带来了巨大的影响和损失。本综述了2001年、2002年和2003年上半年特种设备的事故情况及特种设备的安全状况。分析了发生特种设备事故的原因。人为因素中的违章操作是事故的最主要原因。中列出了2002年发生的19起特种设备重大事故以及2003年上半年严重以上事故的统计结果。总体上，特种设备事故发生数量趋缓，但形式依然严峻。最后提出了减少事故发生的对策和建议，即建立、完善法律法规，经营安全自律和提高监管力度。

SPECIAL EQUIPMENT ACCIDENT AND PREVENTION

The present paper reviews the statistics of special equipment accidents and the safety status of special equipment in the year 2001, 2002, and the upper half-year of 2003. There are 308 accidents in 2002, and 284 people dead and 435 people wounded. The numbers in 2002 are 352 accidents, 351 people dead, and 372 people wounded. In the upper half-year of 2003, there are 148 accidents, 121 people dead, and 142 people wounded. The author analyzes the causes of the accidents. It is concluded that peccancy operation, one of the human factors, is the main cause of the happening of the accidents. 19 tremendous special equipment accidents happened in 2002 are listed. Of all the 19 accidents, 10 are crane machine accidents. The statistics of severe accidents in the upper half-year of 2003 and the comparison between them and the accidents in the same period of 2002 are given. In general, the happening ratio of special accidents is more and more less, but the safety situation is still severe. In the end, the author gives some countermeasures and suggestions for the safety management of special equipment. They are setting up and perfecting laws and regulations , safety self-disciplining of the operators, and improving the inspection strength.