Rate of iodine volatilization and accumulation by filamentous fungi through laboratory cultures |
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| Institution: | 1. Environmental Radiation Effects Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan;2. Department of Chemistry, Gakushuin University, Mejiro 1-5-1, Toshima-ku, Tokyo 171-8588, Japan;3. Department of Bioresources Chemistry, Chiba University, Matsudo-shi, Chiba 271-8510, Japan;1. Centre for Public Health, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India;2. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India;3. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, India;4. Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Gian Sagar Dental College and Hospital, Ram Nagar, Rajpura, District Patiala, India;1. Institute of Electronic Engineering and Optoelectronic Technology, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China;2. School of Automation, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China;3. School of Physics, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;1. Genome Damage and Stability Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, UK;2. Krebs Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK;3. Center for Genomics, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt;1. Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Department of Chemistry, P.O. Box 55, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;2. VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, P.O. Box 1000, 02044, VTT, Finland;1. School of Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433, China;2. School of Statistics, Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, 116025, China;3. School of Mathematics and Statistics, Lanzhou University, 730000, China |
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| Abstract: | Five strains of basidiomycetes (Lentinula edodes, Coprinus phlyctidosporus, Hebeloma vinosophyllum, Pleurotus ostreatus and Agaricus bisporus), one strain of ascomycete (Hormoconis resinae) and six strains of imperfect fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium roquefortii, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae) were cultured in a liquid medium containing a radioactive iodine tracer (125I), and were tested for their abilities to volatilize or accumulate iodine. Of the fungal strains tested, 11 strains volatilized a considerable amount of iodine, with L. edodes showing the highest volatilization rate of 3.4%. The volatile organic iodine species emitted from imperfect fungi cultures was identified as methyl iodide (CH3I). In contrast, six fungal strains in 12 strains accumulated a considerable amount of iodine from the medium with concentration factors of more than 1.0. Among these, Alt. alternata and Cl. cladosporioides accumulated more than 40% of the iodine in their hyphae, and showed high concentration factors of 22 and 18, respectively. These results suggest that filamentous fungi have a potential to influence the mobility and speciation of iodine by volatilization and accumulation. Considering their great biomass in soils, filamentous fungi may contribute to the global circulation of stable iodine and also the long-lived radioiodine, 129I (half-life: 1.6 × 107 years), released from nuclear facilities into the environment. |
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