A chemical model for urban plumes: Test for ozone and particulate sulfur formation in St. Louis urban plume |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Aix Marseille université, AP–HM, IFSTTAR, LBA, CHU Conception, department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 13005, Marseille, France;2. University of Bordeaux, CHU de Bordeaux, Pellegrin hospital, department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, 33000 Bordeaux, France;3. Aix Marseille université, AP–HM, CHU Conception, department of oral and maxillofacial Surgery, 13005 Marseille, France;4. Aix Marseille université, AP–HM, imaging department, North university hospital, 13015, Marseille, France;1. State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, 235 Nanjing East Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, China;3. Joint Laboratory of Chinese Herbal Glycoengineering and Testing Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China;1. Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;2. Department of Radiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;3. Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;4. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;5. Revivicor, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia, USA;1. Adult Health Nursing, Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon;2. Mental Health Nursing, Community Health Department, School of Nursing, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan |
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| Abstract: | A chemical model with anthropogenic sources of nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons is applied to simulate the chemical behaviour of pollutants in the St. Louis urban plume. It is suggested that a substantial increase in peroxy radical concentrations (HO2,RO2) in the polluted air mass outside its source region leads to an effective formation of secondary pollutants like ozone and sulfate particles. The model indicates characteristic time for ozone generation in the plume of a few hours. Maximum ozone mixing ratio of 115 ppb is predicted after 4 h transport time outside the source region. Conversion rates of SO2 to H2SO4 through gas phase reactions with hydroxyl and peroxy radicals are estimated to be 1–5%h−1. This leads to an approx 25% conversion of SO2 to paniculate sulfur in the plume during the day. Agreement with measured ozone concentrations and flow rates of ozone and participate sulfur in the St. Louis plume on 18 July 1975 can be taken as strong indications that ozone and sulfate particle formation in the plume proceeds through the suggested mechanisms. |
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