土地整理生态评价的方法与案例

论文以陕西省榆林市榆阳区为例,借助GIS技术,利用评价模型,探讨了土地整理生态评价的技术方法,分析了生态评价不同综合分值的耕地、林地、牧草地、未利用地等土地利用的土地整理措施。生态评价综合分值在80～100之间的耕地应被划为基本农田保护区,其土地措施主要是进一步完善农田水利设施,提高农作物的品质;非天然林的林地应考虑向经济林发展,发展特色林果业;未利用地可作为耕地的后备资源进行有计划开发。分值在65～80之间的耕地应划为农田保护区,整理措施应注意农田防护林和水土保持措施的设计;林草地则要防止退化,适当发展经济林;未利用地在不破坏生态环境的前提下可适度开垦为耕地。分值在50～65之间的耕地整理措施在有条件的情况下逐步进行生态退耕;未利用地主要是保持原有植被,提高植被覆盖率。分值为0～50的耕地必须实行生态退耕还林还草的整理措施,林草地则注重保护和提高植被覆盖率;未利用地保持原状,不再开垦为耕地。

Methodology and case study of ecological evaluation for land consolidation

Taking Yuyang district of Yulin city in Shaanxi province as an example,methods of ecological evaluation for land consolidation are explored using GIS combined with mathematical model in this paper.And some measures concerning land consolidation for cultivated land,woodland,grassland and unused land having different integrated ecological evaluation values are put forward.These conclusions are drawn as follows:(1)Cultivated land with ecological evaluation values varying between80and100can be classified as protected area of basic farmland,its consolidation measures should be focused on further improvement in irrigation works and crop quality;consolidation of artificial woodland should be directed at planting fruit trees and developing special fruit products of locality;and unused land can be taken as reserved resources of cultivated land for reasonable development.(2)Cultivated land with values ranging from65to80can be classified as farmland protected area and its consolidation measures can be concentrated on the design of windbreaks and soil and water conservation measures;the consolidation measures of woodland and grassland should keep them from being degradated and reasonably develop fruit trees;and the unused land could be developed into cultivated land to an appropriate way without damaging eco-environment.(3)Cultivated land with values being50～65,the consolidation measures would gradually return the cultivated land to grassland and woodland,protect original vegetation and increase vegetation coverage of the unused land.(4)Cultivated land with values of0～50,consolidation measures should be taken to return cultivated land to grassland and woodland,increase vegetation coverage of the grassland and woodland,and forbid the unused land to be turned into cultivated land.