应用物种敏感性分布评估DEHP对区域水生生态风险

应用物种敏感性分布（Species Sensitivity Distribution,SSD）方法构建了邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（Diethylhexyl phthalate,DEHP）对淡水生物的SSD曲线。在此基础上,计算了DEHP对不同生物的5%危害浓度（HC5）,分析比较DEHP对不同生物类别的毒性敏感性差异及其特征,并针对在不同污染物质量浓度下,评价了我国不同地区水体DEHP对不同生物类别的生态风险。结果表明,不同物种对DEHP污染物的耐受范围存在差异,从小到大依次为无脊椎动物〈脊椎动物〈藻类,这可能与各物种的组别多样性有关,耐受范围越大,表示随着质量浓度增加,风险增大的趋势较缓慢;DEHP对不同物种的HC5从小到大依次为藻类〈无脊椎动物〈脊椎动物。HC5越小,DEHP对该物种的生态风险越大,其中藻类对DEHP最敏感,其HC5为41.01μg·L-1,从总体上看,DEHP对淡水生物系统的HC5为4 521.46μg·L-1;不同质量浓度值得出的PAF值的大小,反映不同类别生物的损害程度。质量浓度在1 000μg·L-1以下,全部物种的PAF值几乎为0;当质量浓度达1 000μg·L-1时,藻类和无脊椎动物开始受到影响;当质量浓度达10 000μg·L-1时,61.85%和88.04%的藻类和无脊椎动物分别受到影响,全部物种有64.34%受到影响。我国不同地区河流湖库水体水生态风险评估表明其水生态风险极低,PAF接近于0。

Assessing aquatic ecological risk of DEHP by species sensitivity distributions

Species sensitivity distributions（SSD） method was used to assess the ecological risk of DEHP to freshwater organisms.The hazardous concentration for 5% of the species（HC5） was calculated,and the distinguished character of hazardous concentrations of DEHP to different species was analyzed.The acute ecological risks of the DEHP and the sensitivity of different freshwater species were assessed in the different surface water body in China.The results showed that different organisms have different tolerance range of DEHP.That was in the order of vertebrates 〈 invertebrates 〈algae.It may be associated with species biodiversity.The wider tolerance range of DEHP for organisms indicated that the increasing trend of ecological risk would slow down when the DEHP’s concentration increased.The HC5 to all the species from low to high was in the order of algae 〈 invertebrates 〈 vertebrates.The lower HC5 is,the higher ecological risk of DEHP to species is.Algae was the most sensitive specie among all the freshwater species with the HC5of 41.01 μg·L-1.Meanwhile,the HC5to all of the freshwater species came up to 4 521.46 μg·L-1.The value of PAF reflected the damage degree.When the concentration of DEHP was less than 1 000 μg·L-1,the value of PAF was proximity to zero.When met 1 000 μg·L-1,algae and invertebrates began to be affected.When came up to 10 000 μg·L-1,it would also impact 61.85% of vertebrates and 64.34% of all freshwater species,respectively.There was very low aquatic ecological risk（PAF was close to 0） by using SSD to assess the acute ecological risk assessment of DEHP from several surface water body in China.