秸秆掩埋还田对黄淮海平原耕层土壤温度及作物生长的影响

通过大田试验,研究了作物秸秆行间掩埋配施不同类型氮肥（矿质化肥和鸡粪）下耕层土壤温度的变化及对作物生长的影响。结果表明,秸秆还田初期配施氮肥对秸秆有激发效应,能提高耕层的土壤温度,提高幅度受大气温度、降水的影响。秸秆行间掩埋配施质量分数为16%总氮的鸡粪和24%总氮的化学氮肥耕层土壤的增温效果明显,土壤温度分别上升0.7和0.8℃。秸秆行间掩埋还田对作物生长的影响因作物类型和生育期而异,从不同生育期来看,作物前期的生长受秸秆行间掩埋还田的影响最大。从作物类型来看,配施质量分数为8%、16%、24%总氮的鸡粪,拔节期冬小麦的生物量低于对照38.7%、29.4%和27.9%,3个处理分别与对照差异显著（P〈0.05）,玉米没有差异。秸秆行间掩埋配施质量分数为8%、16%、24%总氮的矿质氮肥,拔节期冬小麦的生物量低于对照25.7%、30.9%和14.1%,配施低、中量化学氮肥与对照差异显著（P〈0.05）;各处理玉米生物量高于对照0.9%、50.8%和19.8%,配施中量化学氮肥与对照有明显差异（P〈0.05）。

Effects of the straw incorporation on arable layer soil temperature and crop growth

To investigate effects of straw incorporation added manure and fertilization on arable layer soil temperature and crop growth,a field experiment was conducted to measure soil temperature at 15cm depth and crop growth status.The results showed that fertilizing N fertilization at the beginning of straw incorporation had obvious priming effect on the straw and could elevate arable soil temperature,and increased range was influenced by air temperature and rainfall.Straw incorporation added chicken manure accounting for 16% of total N and added 24% of total N as chemical N fertilizer had the most distinctly heating effect,arable layer soil temperature increased 0.7 and 0.8 ℃,respectively.Straw incorporation added N fertilizer would effect the crop growth,especially earlier growing stage.Applying chicken manure of 8%,16% and 24% of total N,wheat biomasses in jointing stage were lower than CK,being 38.7%、29.4% and 27.9%,and the differences between treatments and CK reached significant level（P0.05）,respectively.Application of chemical N fertilizer of 8%,16% and 24% of total N,wheat biomasses in jointing stage were 25.7%、 30.9% and 14.1% lower than under CK,the low and middle amount added chemical N fertilizer had a evidence significance（P0.05）,compared to CK.In contrast,maize biomasses under the application chemical N fertilizer were higher than CK,being 0.9%、50.8% and 19.8%,respectively,the difference under the middle chemical N fertilizer applied reached significant level and CK.