碳酸盐岩山地土壤施用有机肥的溶蚀作用探讨

选择碳酸盐岩山地常见耕植、未耕植土层,通过概化制作为系列模拟柱试验土层,按当地正常施肥方法,向土层定量施入有机肥并浇灌及控制其它相关条件变化,再定期观测预埋土层不同深度碳酸岩石片的溶蚀量和土层其它指标的变化,作了施用有机肥的土中碳酸岩石溶蚀变化研究。结果揭示,在未耕植红黏土表层施用有机肥,大大减弱了土中碳酸岩石的溶蚀作用,且减弱程度随土深加大而降低。但对其下伏碱性岩粉层而言,施肥又引起了溶蚀量的微小增加变化;另在耕植土表层施用有机肥,对其土中碳酸岩石的溶蚀作用改变不大,且无论施肥与否溶蚀作用随土深加大又略显增大变化。而其下部红黏土中碳酸岩石的溶蚀量要远大于耕植土中的溶蚀量,并受施肥的影响较小。表明,农业施肥对未耕植土土中包被、包裹的碳酸岩石溶蚀影响较大,对下伏碱性岩粉层的层中、层下碳酸岩石的溶蚀影响较小。同时,施肥对耕植土土中、土下碳酸岩石的溶蚀影响不大。人类可采取禁令开垦较薄土层措施,来有效规避耕作施肥对土中碳酸岩石溶蚀作用的抑制,减少反石漠化的不利因素。此将为丰富碳酸盐岩山地成土演化理论和石漠化灾害的防治提供依据。

Discussion on the effect of organic manure application on the dissolution of carbonate rock

In order to explore the effect of organic manure on the dissolution of carbonate rock,the tilled and untilled soil layers were collected in the carbonate mountain area from Guiyang,China.Two columns were designed to perform the experiments.One column was filled with untilled soil layer（red clay） in the upper part and alkaline carbonate erosion residual in the lower part.The other was filled with tilled soil in the upper part and red clay in the lower part.The soil was fertilized quantitatively in accordance with local fertilization method and regular observations were made on the corrosion of carbonate rock slices buried in different soil depths and index variation of the water in the soil layers.Results showed that organic manure application in the untilled red clay can significantly lessen the carbonate rock corrosion and the lessening became weaker with the soil deepening,while it can bring slight corrosion increase for the underlying alkaline carbonate erosion residual.For the tilled soil layer,the organic manure application had no obvious influence on the carbonate rock corrosion and the corrosion slightly increases as the soil layer went deeper.The carbonate rock corrosion in the lower red clay was much heavier than that in the tilled soil layer,which suffered little influence of the manure application.Overall,the organic manure application can pose great influence on the carbonate rock corrosion in the untilled soil layer,but had minor influence on the rock corrosion in the middle and lower parts of the underlying alkaline carbonate erosion residual,and similarly the manure application bore little influence on the carbonate rock corrosion in the middle and lower parts of the tilled soil layer.The prohibition on reclaiming thin soil layers can positively alleviate the corrosion effect of organic manure application on the carbonate rock and effectively reduce the impacts of de-stony desertification,which will enrich the carbonate rock soil formation theory and provide scientific basis for the prevention treatment of desertification disasters.