“污水-微藻-能源”串联技术新进展

水资源危机和能源危机给人类社会的可持续发展带来前所未有的挑战。微藻具有特殊的生理生态功能和突出的优点,是开展污水净化和生物质能源生产的不二选择。文章在简介微藻清除水体氮磷的特点、作用机理及其影响因素、微藻生产生物质能源的优势、油脂积累机制及其影响因素的基础上,提出一种基于微藻为中介以实现污水氮磷去除与生物质能源开发的串联技术体系。该＂污水-微藻-能源＂串联技术体系从微藻自身的生理生态特色出发,将其在污水净化与生物质能源生产上的优势有机结合起来,实现从污水中索要营养物质供微藻生长需要,以低成本、高效开发利用微藻生物质能源,为共同协调解决水资源危机和能源危机提供了新的思路与途径。通过探讨＂污水-微藻-能源＂串联技术体系的核心理念与开发基础,指出串联技术体系必须重视优质微藻品种的选育、光合生物反应器优化、耦合系统的完善以及高附加值胞内物质后续开发等几个关键技术环节。文章最后展望其发展趋势与应用前景。＂污水-微藻-能源＂串联技术体系的开发应用,有望缓解当前社会面临的水环境污染和能源紧缺双层压力,实现社会、经济、资源与环境的可持续发展,具有极其广阔的应用前景。

Recent advance on sewage-microalga-biofuel coupling technology

Water crisis and energy crisis are challenging the sustainable development of human society unprecedentedly.Microalgae are featured by their eco-physiological functions and merits,and they can be used to purify sewage and produce biofuel.In this paper,the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus in sewage by microalgae,its mechanism and affecting factor,the production of biofuel from microalgae,accumulation of lipid and influencing factors are summarized.Besides,a coupling technology mediated by microalgae for removing nitrogen and phosphorous in sewage and producing biofuels is proposed based on the unique feature of microalgae.This coupling technology aims to provide nutrients by growing microalgae in sewage,hence to reduce the cost for the growth of microalgae.In addition,this promising technology is low cost but efficient,which is necessary for co-solving the crisis water shortage and energy depletion.After the core concepts and bases of the sewage-microalga-biofuel coupling technology are introduced,several key processes involved in the technology such as screening of microalgae species,optimization of photobioreactor,improvement of coupling system and exploitation of high-value intercellular substances are presented.Finally,developmental tendency and perspective of the coupling technology are put forward.The sewage-microalga-biofuel coupling technology is helpful in resolving the water crisis and energy crisis,which is significant in the sustainable development of society,economy,resource and environment.