秦皇岛主要入海河流污染及其对近岸海域影响研究

利用饮马河、洋河、汤河和戴河的水文和水质监测资料,分析了各河流的污染状况、营养状态、污染物入海通量及其对海域水质的影响。结果表明：秦皇岛市入海河流中饮马河和洋河污染较重;通过污染分担率分析,秦皇岛入海河流的首要污染物为DIN、COD,其次为PO43--P;采用综合营养状态指数法评价,汤河处于轻度富营养状态,戴河处于中度富营养状态,而洋河和饮马河都已达到重度富营养化状态,可见秦皇岛入海河流的富营养化现象非常严重;秦皇岛主要河流污染物入海通量近年来基本呈减小趋势,饮马河和洋河年均入海污染物量占到秦皇岛市陆源入海污染物总量的94.91%;通过相关分析表明,秦皇岛近岸海域的水质主要受入海河流影响,尤其是CODMn、DIN、PO43--P在河、海间存在线性关系,具有强相关性。因此应加强对入河污染物的管理,重点应放在生活污水、农业面源污染的治理上,从而改善近岸海域的水质状况。

Contaminative conditions of main rivers flowing into the sea and their effect on seashore of Qinhuangdao

In order to study pollution conditions、trophic state and pollutant fluxes of main rivers flowing into the sea and their effect on seashore,the data of hydrology and water quality of the Yinma River、the Yanghe River、the Tanghe River and the Daihe River were collected.The results showed that the pollution of the Yinma River and the Yanghe River was worse than other rivers and the key pollutants of main rivers flowing into the sea were DIN、COD and PO43--P.According to the comprehensive trophic state index,the Tanghe River was light eutrophication,the Daihe River was moderate eutrophication and the Yanghe River and the Yinma River were extreme eutrophication.As a result,the eutrophic conditions of rivers flowing into the sea were very serious.The pollutants flux trend of main rivers basically decreased in recent years,but the amount of pollutants into the sea by the Yinma Rivers and the Yanghe River accounted for 94.91% of the pollutant amount flowing into sea from land.The correlation analysis showed that the water quality of the seashore was mainly affected by rivers flowing into the sea,especialy the index of CODMn、DIN and PO43--P had significantly correlation between river and sea.Therefore,the management for pollutans into river should be strenghened to improve the water quality of seashore, especialy the control of domestic wastewater and agricultural non-point pollution should be the key.