退化滨水景观带植物群落生态修复技术研究进展

滨水带是重要的生态交错带,物质、养分和能量流动速率高,具有较高的生态、经济和美学价值。近年来,由于缺乏科学合理的生态规划意识,我国滨水带多被建成近直立人工护岸,加之自然、人为干扰力度的加强,滨水岸线生境破坏,生物群落丧失,滨水带退化,水岸生态环境日趋恶化。通过对滨水带生态景观功能分析,研究滨水带退化原因与机理,系统归纳了国内外退化滨水景观带植物群落生态修复相关技术的研究现状,深入探讨了生境恢复、生物廊道恢复、景观格局美化和水岸生态系统结构与功能优化等方面的研究内容,并提出今后滨水带生态修复技术研究方向,以及基于生态学、景观学、水力学、土力学、生物学、经济学等多学科背景的滨水景观带植物群落定量分析、配置方法。最后指出,滨水景观带植物群落生态修复技术研究需进一步分析我国水岸生态系统退化机理、细化滨水深槽-浅滩序列、量化滨水植被配置宽度与生物多样性关系、深化稳定化长效管理技术等,为我国退化滨水生态景观带植物群落生态修复集成技术的研究与实践提供参考,以全面有效的提高生态环境质量。

Research progress on the ecological rehabilitating technologies with ecological landscape plant communities for degraded waterfront

As an important ecotone between water and land,with a high velocity of materials,nutrients and energy flow turnover rates,the water fronts have high ecological,economic and aesthetic values.In recent years,due to the deficiency of scientific ecological planning,most of the waterfronts were built with erect artificial revetment.For the strengthening adverse natural and anthropogenic disturbances,the waterfronts has confronted by the habitat destroying,species population decreasing and other associated environment quality degrading.With the analysis of ecological landscape function and the reasons and mechanism about the degradation of the riparian buffers,this paper summarized the related technologies research on degraded waterfront landscape with plant community ecological restoration at home and abroad.Contents of habitat restoration,biological corridors restoration,landscape pattern beautify and the waterfront ecosystem structure and function optimization were deeply discussed.The perspective research directions on waterfront ecological restoration technology were also provided.Based on the multi fields＇ rules of ecology,landscape architecture,hydraulics,soil mechanics,biology economics and other subjects,methods of waterfronts plant disposition were quantitatively analyzed.Finally,further analysis on the mechanism of waterfront ecosystem degradation and refine waterfront deep trough-shoal sequence,quantifying the relationship between the widths of the waterfront vegetation with the biodiversity,and deepening the stabilization of long-term management techniques were pointed out.The aim of this study was to provide a reference guidelines for the ecological restoration technologies for China＇s degraded waterfront.We believed this study should be helpful to improve the environment quality of the water front effectively.