(<Emphasis Type="Italic">Z</Emphasis>)-9-tricosene identified in rectal gland extracts of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bactrocera oleae</Emphasis> males: first evidence of a male-produced female attractant in olive fruit fly |
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Authors: | Email author" target="_blank">Adriano?CarpitaEmail author Angelo?Canale Andrea?Raffaelli Alessandro?Saba Giovanni?Benelli Alfio?Raspi |
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Institution: | 1.Dipartimento di Coltivazione e Difesa delle Specie Legnose “G. Scaramuzzi”,Università di Pisa,Pisa,Italy;2.Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale,Università di Pisa,Pisa,Italy;3.UOS Pisa,CNR–ICCOM,Pisa,Italy |
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Abstract: | It is well-known that Bactrocera oleae (olive fruit fly) females attract conspecific males by using 1,7-dioxaspiro5,5]undecane (1) as the main component of their sex pheromone, and that 1 is produced in the female rectal gland. Although some authors have claimed that B. oleae males also attract females, to date no male-produced female attractants have been found in this species. In this paper, we
report the first identification of a substance unique to males and able to attract females. The findings of the study include
the following: (1) females responded in a bioassay to hexane extracts obtained from rectal glands of 15-day-old B. oleae males, (2) the presence of (Z)-9-tricosene (2) was consistently and unambiguously identified in these extracts using gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry methods,
(3) in preliminary bioactivity tests, low doses (equivalent to a few males) of chemically and stereoisomerically pure synthetic
(Z)-9-tricosene (2) attracted olive fruit fly females. Interestingly, compound 2, commonly called muscalure, is also a well-known component of the house fly (Musca domestica) sex pheromone. |
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