生态文明视角下国家公园原住居民就业问题研究——基于神农架国家公园实地调研

国家公园的建设不仅是对公园内部的管理,更重要的是对周边居民的管理,而实现有效管理首先要保障民众的物质利益。实现居民的充分就业是保障居民物质需求最有效的途径,如何在坚持生态环球保护的前提下实现当地居民的充分就业是国家公园建设过程中必须高度重视的问题。基于神农架国家公园实地调研的问卷和访谈结果,从生态文明的视角出发,从政府和民众双重角度下分析了阻碍原住居民就业的现存问题,建议在国家公园建设初期当地政府应充分发挥引导作用,采取加强对内合作、吸引外部投资、积极引入培训、开发新型项目等措施,以改善当地社区居民的就业现状,更好地实现神农架地区经济利益和环境效益的可持续发展。该研究可为国家公园如何促进生态文明与居民就业并行发展提供理论借鉴。

Study on Employment of Indigenous Residents in National Park from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization--Based on Field Investigation in Shennongjia National Park

The construction of the national park is not only the management of the interior of the park,but also the management of the surrounding residents.In order to realize the effective management,first of all,the interests of the residents should be guarented.Employment is the foundation of the people’s livelihood and the fundamental way to improve the residents’ income.How to realize the full employment of the residents under the premise of adhering to the ecological protection policy is one of the tasks that the government must attach great importance to in the course of the construction of the national park.Based on the results of questionnaire and interview on Shennongjia National Park,this paper analyzes the existing problems from the perspective of government and people,and finally suggests that the local government should play its leading role in the early stage of construction and strengthen the interior.Cooperating,attracting external investment,introducing training programs,developing new projects,etc.Wiu improve the employment situation of local community residents and better realize the sustainable development of economic and environmental benefits in Shennongjia region.At the same time,it can provide some theoretical reference for other national parks on promoting ecological civilization and the concurrent development of resident employment.