基于矿产资源租的国内外矿产资源有偿使用制度比较

当前,我国矿产资源领域的制度建设相对滞后.西方市场经济国家经过多年建立起来的矿产资源有偿使用制度,对我国相关制度的建设具有借鉴意义.文章从稀缺租和李嘉图的级差地租的视角出发,对国内外矿产资源有偿使用制度的经济学基础进行了分析,指出了国内外各种矿产资源税费所代表的矿产资源租的含义.在此基础上,梳理出国内外矿产资源税费的对应关系,指出:①我国的资源税、矿产资源补偿费、矿区使用费相当于国外的权利金;②矿业权价款相当于国外的红利;③矿业权使用费相当于国外的矿业权出让金;④石油特别收益金相当于国外的资源租金税;⑤而对应于国外的资源耗竭补贴,我国还没有出台相应的税费.文章建议新的矿产资源有偿使用制度改革方案应达到两点,第一,理顺租、税、费之间的关系;第二,理顺对级差地租和稀缺租的征收,在新古典经济学的框架下,寻求一个对级差地租和稀缺租征收的最优水平,实现国家的资源所有权益,减小社会收入分配不公,补偿外部性和代际成本.

Comparative Studies on the Paid Use System of Mineral Resources at Home and Abroad Based on the Mineral Resources Rent

Currently,the construction of the domestic system of mineral resources is lagging behind.The paid use system of mineral resources,which has been built by market economy countries for many years,provides experience to China's related system.From the angles of scarcity rent and Ricardo's differential rent,this paper analyzes the economic basis of the paid use system of mineral resources at home and abroad,and then,it points out the economic meaning of mineral resources tax and fee at home and abroad.The paper...