Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment on plant growth: the interactive role of air temperature |
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| Institution: | 1. U.S. Water Conservation Laboratory, 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 U.S.A.;2. Laboratory of Climatology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287 U.S.A.;3. Western Cotton Research Laboratory, 4335 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040 U.S.A.;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Agro-ambientali, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy;2. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain;3. Interdepartmental Research Center Nutraceuticals and Food for Health, Università di Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, I-56124 Pisa, Italy;1. Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation & Waste Management of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, PR China;2. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on the Loess Plateaus of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Comprehensive reviews of the plant science literature indicate that a 300 part per million (ppm) increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration generally increases plant growth by approximately 30%. Working with two species of floating aquatic plants and three terrestrial species, we demonstrate that this stimulatory effect of atmospheric CO2 enrichment is strongly temperature dependent. Indeed, our results suggest that for a 3°C increase in mean surface air temperature (as is generally predicted to result from the ‘greenhouse effect’ of such an increase in the CO2 content of the air), the growth enhancement factor for such a CO2 increase rises from 1.30 to 1.56. If the non-CO2 trace gas greenhouse effect is equally as strong, as recent model studies suggest, the growth enhancement factor rises still higher to a value of 1.85. On the other hand, our results also indicate that atmospheric CO2 enrichment tends to reduce plant growth at relatively cold air temperatures, i.e. below a daily mean air temperature of approximately 18.5°C. As a result, predicting the ultimate biospheric consequences of a doubling of the Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentration may prove to be much more complex than originally anticipated. |
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