Effectiveness of different spraying systems in winter wheat and biological effects on target and non-target organisms |
| |
| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, China;2. School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China;1. Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States;2. Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States;3. Tennessee Center for Botanical Medicinal Research, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, United States;1. Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India;2. Department of Chemistry, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, 77842, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Different spraying systems (charged rotary atomisers, uncharged rotary atomisers or hydraulic sprayers) were used to deliver a complete range of chemicals (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides) to 8 × 30-m plots of winter wheat. Except with herbicides, rotary atomisers (particularly when charged) gave the greatest chemical deposits and greatest biological effects against target organisms. Effects on non-target insects were slight and transient, except for Diptera and Thysanoptera and also for aphid parasites and predatory beetle larvae, whose numbers followed the numbers of aphids. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
