植物生物技术在黑麦草遗传改良中的应用

黑麦草是重要的牧草和草坪草,是畜牧业和草坪业重要的产业支柱.由于高度自交不亲和,传统遗传改良困难而复杂.生物技术尤其是转基因技术为其遗传改良带来希望.本文概述了组织培养技术、基因遗传转化技术、分子标记及数量性状基因定位、分子标记辅助育种等技术在黑麦草遗传改良中的应用及获得的成果;评述了遗传改良的重要意义,以及黑麦草遗传改良的主要目标,如品质改良、提高病害抗性、降低毒性生物碱浓度、控制花粉致敏性、抗除草剂品种的培育、提高抗逆性及其作为生物反应器的潜在应用价值等;并分析了功能基因组学的研究及RNA干扰技术在黑麦草研究中可能的应用前景.

Application of Plant Biotechnology in Ryegrass Genetic Improvement

Ryegrass (Lolium L.), a graminaceous crop, is one of the most important grasses for forage and turf, and widely distributes in temperate regions. Because of the high self-incompatibility, the conventional plant breeding is difficult and selection schemes are complex. Biotechnological approaches, especially genetic transformation for the direct introduction of agronomically useful genes, hold great promise. This review focuses on application of plant biotechnologies in ryegrass genetic improvement, such as tissue culture,genetic transformation, molecular maker, quantitative trait loci and molecular maker assistant selection. And the targets for ryegrass breeding, such as quality improvement, diseases and abiotic stress tolerance improvement, controlling the allergen of pollen, reducing the content of noxious alkaloid, and transgenic plants as potential biological reactor, are also analyzed. Furthermore, the prospects of RNA interference in Lolium genetic improvement and functional genomics are discussed.