生态环境损害赔偿诉讼：定义与定位矫正

面对生态环境损害赔偿诉讼这一新型诉讼形式,准确把握其定义和定位至关重要。现有生态环境损害赔偿诉讼按国家自然资源所有权私权化路径进行制度构建,其现行定义为特殊私益诉讼,现行定位为环境行政替代工具。这种定义与定位导致其与环境公益诉讼割裂,运行序位上优先于环境民事公益诉讼,引起国家机关角色错位。生态环境损害赔偿诉讼与环境民事公益诉讼的诉讼标的相同,救济和保护的利益均为环境公益,其定义应回归公益诉讼本位;政府在环境公益保护上有着广泛的职权和手段,是环境公共治理的优先主体,仅在少数行政不能的情形下才有借助司法的必要性和合理性,其在定位上应作为环境行政执法的补充机制在有限范围内发挥作用。据此,生态环境损害赔偿诉讼在制度体系上应与既有环境民事公益诉讼置于同一诉讼系属统筹立法,在诉讼序位上应让位于社会组织提起的环境民事公益诉讼。

The Ecological and Environmental Damage Compensation Litigation: Definition and Orientation Correction

The lawsuit of compensation for ecological environment damage is a new lawsuit form, so it is very important to grasp its definition and orientation accurately. As matters stand, the litigation legislation of compensation for ecological environment damage regards the right of national natural resources as private right, which is currently defined as the special private interest litigation, and currently positioned as an alternative tool of environmental administration. This definition and orientation lead to the separation of environmental public interest litigation and the priority of operation order over environmental civil public interest litigation, resulting in the dislocation of the role of state organs. The object of action of ecological environmental damage compensation litigation is the same as that of environmental civil public interest litigation. The benefit of relief and protection is environmental public interest, which should be defined as environmental civil public interest litigation. The government has a wide range of authority and means in environmental public welfare protection, and it is the priority subject of environmental public governance. Only in a few cases where administrative means can''t help, can it have the necessity and rationality to resort to justice. Therefore, its positioning should be a supplementary mechanism of environmental administrative law enforcement, which can only play a role in a limited range. Therefore, it belongs to the same litigation system as environmental civil public interest litigation, and the environmental civil public interest litigation initiated by social organizations should be allowed in the litigation sequence.