黄河流域近十五年生态系统服务价值变化特征及影响因素研究

黄河流域生态系统服务变化的定量评估有利于考核流域生态综合治理效果。本研究构建了基于能值的生态系统服务价值核算方法体系,核算了黄河流域2000—2015年省级及地市级尺度生态系统服务价值变化及导致变化的原因。结果表明:①近15年,黄河流域生态状况有明显好转,除河南和山东外,增幅主要集中在黄河流域的中上游(7%~27%),增幅最大的为甘肃;②黄河流域的117个地级市(地区、自治州、盟)中,有77个地级市(地区、自治州、盟)生态系统服务价值有不同增幅(0.46%~210%);③黄河流域“源”“过程”“汇”区位不同保护重点不同,要根据其所提供生态服务的能力及改善情况动态制定分区分类保护策略;④近15年的林地面积增加对所提供的服务提升效果明显,湿地(湖泊、沼泽地)的减少变成黄河流域上、中、下游省份服务下降的最大驱动因素。本研究能够为黄河流域生态治理及城市绿色发展提供基础性依据。

The Change Characteristics and Influence Factors of Ecosystem Services Valuation of the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2015

The comprehensive management of the Yellow River Basin needs the comprehensively quantitative assessment of ecosystem services valuation(ESV).This study establishes emergy-based ESV accounting method and calculates the ESVs at the provincial and urban levels in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2015.The results show that:①In the study period,the ecological status of the Yellow River Basin had improved significantly.Except for Henan and Shandong provinces,the ESVs of the remaining 7 provinces or autonomous regions had different growth rates(7%-27%),with the largest increase in Gansu Province.②Among the 117 prefecture-level cities in the Yellow River Basin,the ESVs in 77 prefecture-level cities or autonomous regions had increased by 0.46%~210%.③The Yellow River Basin has different protection priorities in different functional zones,e.g.:source,process,and sink.It is necessary to implement dynamically functional zoning protection strategies based on the capacity and improvement of the ecological services;④Increasing forest area showed obvious ESV increasing effect in the past 15 years.The reduction of wetlands(lakes,swamps)had become the biggest problem in the Yellow River Basin.This study can provide a basis for ecological management and green development in the Yellow River Basin.