环渤海地区港口煤炭运输格局演变和动力机制

煤炭供销与调拨一直是我国经济社会系统运行的关键问题,其中,港口是煤炭运输中最为重要的中转节点,尤其是作为 "北煤南运" 和煤炭出口的主要下水地区,环渤海港口在煤炭运输体系中占据重要地位。论文以环渤海港口作为研究对象,以20 世纪70 年代以来的40 a 为时间尺度,分析了该地区港口煤炭运输的格局演变,归纳总结了主要特征和演变规律,并探讨了格局演变的动力机制。首先,将环渤海港口作为一个整体,分析总体区域的演变特征;然后,着眼于各个港口,分析煤炭进出港格局和进出口格局的演变特征;最后,从煤炭基地分布与消费市场空间错位、铁海联运的组织模式、进出口政策和区域产业结构调整等方面,分析了环渤海港口煤炭运输格局演变的动力机制。以此为环渤海地区的港口建设及煤炭运输规划提供借鉴。

Pattern Evolution and Dynamic Mechanism of Coal Transportation for the Ports around Bohai

Coal supply and transfer has always been a key problem in China's social and economic system. In the transportation of coal, the most important transit node is definitely the port. As the main ports of "coal transportation from north to south", ports around Bohai play an important role in transportation system. In this paper, we choose ports around Bohai as the study subject, analyze the pattern evolution of the coal transportation since the 1970s, and summarize the main features and laws. Based on the above work, we discuss its dynamic mechanism. First of all, taking ports around Bohai as a whole, we analyze the evolution of the overall area. Then, focusing on each port, analyze the characteristics of evolution for entering and leaving, import and export. Finally, we discuss the dynamic mechanism of evolution from four aspects, such as the dislocation of coal distribution and consumer market space, model of sea-rail transportation, policy adjustments in coal import and export, variation of the industrial structure in the place of coal consuming. This study enriches the theory of transport geography, and we hope it can provide guidance for the construction of ports around Bohai and China's coal transportation planning.