基于灌区尺度的聚落与水土资源空间耦合关系研究——以张掖绿洲为例

灌区是构成绿洲的最基本单元,在人工灌渠系统的强烈控制与引导下,渠系的供水量决定了灌溉面积(水浇地)的大小,而水浇地的规模又决定人口的承载能力,因此,水-土-人系统存在着高度的相互依存性和共生性。论文应用空间自相关分析模型的Getis-Ord G_i^*指数,选取张掖39 个灌区中的3 个灌区(新坝、平川、盈科)分别代表沿山独立灌区、绿洲边缘区灌区和绿洲中腹灌区进行分析。结果表明,新坝灌区受独立水系和水资源保证程度的深刻影响,渠系、水浇地和居民点自干渠向外,由热点地区逐渐转变为冷点地区,居民点、干渠、水浇地具有明显的空间聚集特征,渠系对水浇地分布具有显著的控制和引导作用。平川灌区受黑河干流走向的影响,居民点、水浇地表现出明显的核心-外围特征,黑河沿岸干渠对居民点和水资源具有较强的基础性作用。盈科灌区由于水资源丰富,保证程度高,渠系对于水浇地和居民点的控制作用反而低于其他两类灌区。

Spatial Coupling Relationship between Settlement and Land and Water Resources Based on Irrigation Scale -A Case Study of Zhangye City

In China, although the oasis area accounts for only 3%-5% of the total area of arid regions, yet it brought up more than 90% of the population, creating more than 95% of output value, thus playing a crucial role in socio-economic development and ecological environment of arid regions. Land and water resources are essential elements of oasis, oasis settlements are the reality carrier of the population, but also embodies human economic activity. Human activities are the key factor for the formation of artificial oasis, also the dominant force to drive oasis evolution. The direction and intensity of using oasis land and water resources will be eventually mapped on the oasis settlements. So how to coordinate the relationship between population and land and water resources, ensure social and economic development, and also to maintain the stability and sustainable development of oasis ecological environment, will not only relate to the oasis itself, but also to the sustainable development of arid regions. Heihe River Basin is the second largest inland river basin in arid Northwest China. Arid inland basin lies in the water, the core area is an oasis. You can also say that it is a complex interdependence of irrigation district, through spatial integration after the formation of the modern oasis. Under the strong control and guidance of the artificial canal system, water supply quantity determines irrigation district, and irrigated land determines population carrying capacity, so high degree of interdependence and symbiosis exists in water-soil-human systems. One of the factors beyond the reasonable range will be a profound impact on the system-wide coordination and stability as well as the direction of succession. Start with the overall grasp of the 39 irrigation districts in Zhangye, the paper depicts the general characteristics of the 39 irrigation districts and related properties. The 39 irrigation district mathematical analysis, the irrigation area clustering, extracted from three types of characteristics of irrigation area, characterized hillside independent irrigation, abdominal irrigation and oasis, oasis in the marginal zone irrigation; the characteristics of the three types of irrigation segments were portrayed relating to three types of irrigation settlement-water- the coupling relationship between the soil; rise again to the whole irrigation district in Zhangye, the space settlement- water- soil spatial organization of the whole irrigation district was used to determine the autocorrelation analysis method. Irrigated land in irrigated district is the most characteristic geographical element, the distribution pattern and scale largely determine the shape and size of the irrigation district. Irrigated arable land has been the most important land- use patterns in the region, the development and changes of the irrigation of arable land also controls the main pattern of the Regional Land Use Change. Visits from the general characteristics of the three types of irrigation can be found from the hillside independent irrigation (Xinba Irrigation District) - Oasis marginal zone Irrigation District (Pingchuan Irrigation District) - an oasis in the abdominal irrigation (Yingke Irrigation District), irrigated land, roads and canal plaque share a gradual increase in proportion, the water intensity of land development increased, the corridor plays on increasingly obvious role; settlements and irrigated land, the nearest neighbor distance between the canal (road) shortening, indicating settlements between the soil and water resources a closer relationship.