Results from the Total Exposure Assessment Methodology (TEAM) study in selected communities in Northern and Southern California |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX, 77555-0570, USA;2. Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA;1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. EcoPictures Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea;3. Dong-il Shimadzu Corporation, Seoul, Republic of Korea;4. Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea;5. Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency, Ulsan, Republic of Korea;6. Ministry of Employment and Labor, Sejong, Republic of Korea;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil;2. Laboratório de Química Analítica Fundamental e Aplicada, Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Outeiro de São João Batista, s/n, 24020-141, Valonguinho, Centro, Niterói, RJ, Brazil;1. Cardiology Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;3. University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal;4. Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal;1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;2. Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;3. Particle Technology Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St., S.E., Minneapolis 55455, USA;1. Department of Ultrasonics, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, China;2. Dalian University, Dalian, China;3. Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, No. 6, Jiefang Street, Zhongshan District, Dalian, China |
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| Abstract: | Volatile organic compound levels (VOCs) in breath, personal air, fixed outdoor air and drinking water samples were measured and compared for a probability sample of individuals in Los Angeles and Antioch/Pittsburg, California during 1984. In addition, comparisons were made between seasons (winter vs spring) in Los Angeles for individuals sampled in both seasons. The statistics presented to compare the sites and seasons were primarily percent measurable and concentration levels (e.g. sample medians). For most comparisons, 13 VOC levels were examined for breath, personal and outdoor air samples and four VOCs for water samples.In addition to the results for VOC levels, the paper also briefly describes - 1.(i) the sampling procedures used to obtain the study participants
- 2.(ii) the collection of air, breath and water samples
- 3.(iii) selected results from the quality assurance procedures used in this study.
For most chemicals, the percent measurable and concentration levels were - 1.(i) higher in personal air samples than in breath or outdoor air samples,
- 2.(ii) higher in Los Angeles in the winter for air and breath than in the, spring,
- 3.(iii) higher in Los Angeles for air and breath than in Antioch/Pittsburg,
- 4.(iv) quite different for water as compared with air and breath.
Ubiquitous compounds in water were chloroform, bromodichloromethane, dibromochloromethane and bromoform while in air and breath they were 1,1,1-trichloroethane, benzene, tetrachloroethylene, ethylbenzene and the xylenes.Concentrations were higher in - 1.(i) outdoor air vs breath in the winter in Los Angeles (where outdoor air levels were much higher than in the spring),
- 2.(ii) in personal air vs outdoor air in the upper tails of the concentration distribution (90th percentile) compared to the 50th percentile. For the water samples, relatively high concentrations were noted for chloroform, bromodichloromethane and dibromochloromethane.
In most cases, water concentrations were higher for Los Angeles in the spring. Five VOCs known to be in tobacco smoke (benzene, styrene, ethylbenzene and the xylenes) had significantly higher levels in the breath of smokers. |
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