Inter-storm comparisons from the OSCAR high density network experiment |
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| Institution: | 1. Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Gerencia Química, Av. Gral Paz 1499, B1650KNA-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Godoy Cruz 2290, C1425FQB Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes, 748, São Paulo CEP 05508-000, Brazil;1. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China;2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Earth''s Critical Zone Science and Sustainable Development in Bohai Rim, Tianjin 300072, PR China;1. Institute of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia, Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland;2. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5A, 02-106 Warszawa, Poland;3. Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Wrocław, Max Born Sq. 9, 50-204 Wrocław, Poland;4. Poltegor-Institute, Institute of Opencast Mining, Parkowa 25, 51-616 Wrocław, Poland;5. Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warszawa, Poland |
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| Abstract: | The high density network component of the Oxidation and Scavenging Characteristics of April Rains (OSCAR) experiment combined aircraft, surface and sequential precipitation chemistry measurements to characterize the physicochemical and dynamic features of four storms sampled during an April 1981 field investigation. A surface network of 47 precipitation sampling stations, covering a region roughly 110 km by 110 km, was established in the area surrounding Fort Wayne, Indiana. The network provided temporal and spatial resolution of rainfall chemistry via the use of specially designed automatic sequential bulk precipitation collectors, while aircraft and surface sampling provided measurements of the major aerosols and trace gases in the boundary-layer inflow region.Composite concentration and ion ratio profiles for the events were analyzed to investigate potential pollutant scavenging pathways. This analysis led to the following observations: - 1.(i) dryfall deposition during pre-rainfall exposure periods influenced initial sampler stage chemistry;
- 2.(ii) relative precipitation acidity increased throughout the events; SO42− and NO3− were the major contributors to this acidity;
- 3.(iii) evidence exists for the in-cloud oxidation of SO2 during Events 3 and 4, while scavenging of HNO3 and aerosol NO3− probably produced precipitation NO3−;
- 4.(iv) the non-frontal meteorology of Event 3 influenced the precipitation chemistry associated with this storm and led to distinct concentration profiles;
- 5.(v) an anomalous pattern of NH4+ concentrations observed during Event 1 cannot be explained by known NH4+ scavenging behavior or by non-scavenging related influences, such as local source contamination or NH3 volatilization;
- 6.(vi) Event 4 is more suitable for analysis by one- and two-dimensional diagnostic wet removal models. Analysis of the other events is complicated by more complex meteorological behavior and, in some cases, a less complete chemistry data set. This paper enlarges on these observations with comparisons of the major meteorological and chemical characteristics of the four events.
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